Chapter 1 - Historical Views of Children and Childhood Flashcards
(64 cards)
Define theory:
A theory is an organized set of ideas that are designed to explain and make predictions about development
True or False: Development unfolds in a predictable way
True: this is what makes it easy to determine what is essential, or not essential, in development
Plato argued that _________, while Aristotle saw __________.
Children are born with innate knowledge; knowledge as rooted in experience
Locke asserts an infant is a “__________”, while Rousseau believed children are ___________.
blank slate; born with an innate sense of justice and morality
The contrasting views of Locke and Rousseau are seen during the age of:
Enlightenment
Detailed systematic observations of individual children were kept by:
G. Stanley Hall
Detailed systematic observations of individual children were kept by:
G. Stanley Hall
The first English language scientific journal in which scientists could publish findings from their child development research was founded by who?
G. Stanley Hall
What does ‘The Contents of Children’s Mind’ aim to do?
It aims to use the scientific method to understand the source of the human mind’s development
What are the 5 Theoretical Perspectives?
The Biological Perspective, The Psychodynamic perspective, The Learning perspective, The Cognitive-developmental perspective and the Contextual perspective
Explain the Biological Perspective
Development is determined primarily by biological forces. Environmental forces can affect genes
What are the two theories that come out of the Biological Perspective?
The Maturational theory and the Ethological theory
What is the Maturational theory?
The maturational theory argues that development reflects the natural unfolding of a prearranged biological plan. The fetus develops in a systematic, observable way.
What is the Ethological theory?
The ethological theory sees many behaviours that young children have as adaptive because they have a survival value, which maximizes the survival of the child
What are the two concepts to come out of the biological perspective?
The critical period, and Imprinting
What is the critical period?
A time in which the child is ready and able to learn something. It is very important in developmental psychology because it is highly unlikely for a child to learn something if they miss the critical period
What is imprinting?
Imprinting is the forming of an emotional bond between the child and the first moving object it sees, which is usually the mother. Imprinting is critical
What is the Psychodynamic Perspective?
Development is determined by how a child resolves conflict at different ages
What are the two major theories to come out of the Psychodynamic Perspective?
Freud’s Psychosexual theory, and Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
What is Freud’s Psychosexual Theory?
Freud’s Three Components of Personality, Freud’s five stages of development. Experiences affect children’s development. if they don’t move from one stage to the next, they get stuck at one stage. Children experience the conflict between desire and what they should do.
What are Freud’s three components of personality?
The id, the ego, and the superego
What are Freud’s 5 stages of development
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Children are part of a community and a society. Erickson’s stages are defined by unique challenges. He sees that development is not only in children but throughout their whole life. He doesn’t go far from Freud’s theory but works on it. He argues that there is a combination of social and personal conflicts.
What is the Learning Perspective?
Early learning theories emphasized the importance of experience in development. Learning theorists suggested that children learn by observing others - Pavlov, B.F Skinner, Bandura
