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Developmental Psychology Final > Chapter 10 - Emotional Development > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

______ are useful because they help people adapt to their environments

A

Emotions

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2
Q

What are emotions?

A

Emotions are subjective reaction to things that occur in the environment

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3
Q

What leads to avoiding danger?

A

Fear

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4
Q

_______ strengthens relationships

A

Happiness

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5
Q

What keeps people away from things that make them ill?

A

Disgust

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6
Q

At about 2-3 months, _____ _____ appear in response to other people for children

A

social smiles

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7
Q

Stranger wariness appears around how many months?

A

6

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8
Q

What kind of emotions are feelings such as pride, guilt, and embarassment?

A

Self-conscious (complex) emotions

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9
Q

By age ___, most children experience regret and relief appropriately

A

9

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10
Q

_______ differ in events that trigger emotions, and in the extent to which emotional expression is encouraged

A

Cultures

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11
Q

In many Asian countries, _______ _______ is highly valued

A

emotional restraint

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12
Q

At how many months can children identify facial expressions associated with different emotions?

A

Between 4-6

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13
Q

What is an example of social referencing?

A

When infants are put in environments that are unfamiliar, they’ll look to their caregivers for cues on how to react

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14
Q

During elementary school, children understand that people can have _______ feelings.

A

mixed

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15
Q

Children learn display rules for their _______ ______

A

cultural context

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16
Q

What is temperament?

A

Temperament is the general attitude that children have - how they behave, act, and feel

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17
Q

Temperament is the precursor to __________

A

personality

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18
Q

_______ and _____________ factors contribute to the development of temperament

A

Heredity; environmental

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19
Q

Parental personality often reflects in a child’s ______________

A

temperament

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20
Q

What are the three patterns based on observations and parental interviews that Thomas and Chess identified?

A

Easy, Difficult, and Slow-to-warm-up

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21
Q

Twin studies show that there is a ________ influence on temperament

A

heredity

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22
Q

________ twins are more alike in aspects of temperament than __________ twins

A

identical; fraternal

23
Q

The impact of heredity depends on:

A

temperamental dimensions and the child’s age

24
Q

Heredity plays a role in how the child __________ themselves, and it emerges in different stages in life, which points to a ________ component.

A

expresses; genetic

25
Q

Temperament is highly affected by _________ behaviour

A

parental

26
Q

Temperament can also make some kids particularly susceptible to ___________ influences

A

environmental

27
Q

Without moderate __________, temperament does not exist

A

stability

28
Q

Temperament is the underlying basis of ___________

A

personality

29
Q

Various aspects of temperament are related to:

A

school success, peer interactions, compliance with parents, and depression

30
Q

What is an example of the influence of temperament depending on environmental influences?

A

Children who resist control are less likely to have behaviour problems when mothers exert appropriate control

31
Q

Children with ____________ temperaments are less affected by life stressors

A

positive

32
Q

What is attachment?

A

Attachment is the enduring social-emotional relationship between infant and parent

33
Q

All parts of __________ is based on the level of attachment between the child and the caregiver

A

development

34
Q

Attachment relies on the infant growing up and gaining _________ and __________ skills.

A

perceptual; cognitive

35
Q

What skills does an infant have to develop in order for attachment to become stronger and richer?

A

Perception, cognition, emotion, attachment

36
Q

By __ months, infants have identified a single attachment figure

A

7

37
Q

Infant usually first attach to their _______, based on research

A

mothers

38
Q

It is found that they prefer to ____ with father’s but prefer mothers for ________.

A

play; comfort

39
Q

Explain the involvement of Indigenous father’s in terms of attachment

A

Indigenous fathers’ involvement showed challenges due to the disruption of colonial interventions, requiring a culturally sensitive approach to overcoming difficulties in relationships with their children.

40
Q

Attachment is critically important because all of ___________ is based off of attachment

A

development

41
Q

Explain Ainsworth’s Strange Situation task?

A

This task was a way to measure attachment styles and the quality of infant attachment.

Infants were put through a series of situations, none of which were traumatic, in order to see how they would respond in order to measure how attached they were to their parents.

42
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

A secure child may be upset when the parent leaves, but stops crying when the parent returns. It is secure because the parent is the main source of comfort

43
Q

What is avoidant attachment?

A

Avoidant attachment means that the child was not upset when the parent leaves, and when the parent comes back, the child ignores the parent, not really caring.

44
Q

What is resistant attachment?

A

Resistant attachment is when the child is upset when the parent leaves, but is inconsolable when the parent comes back.

In constrast to secure, the child is calm when the parent comes back but in resistant, the child is inconsolable and very angry

45
Q

What is disorganized attachment?

A

Disorganized attachment is when the parent leaves and the child is confused; you can see the confusion. What makes it disorganized is when the parent comes back, the child is still confused

46
Q

_________ attachment is the most common form worldwide

A

Secure

47
Q

Secure attachment leads to _________ social relationships, due to the establishment of ______.

A

positive; trust

48
Q

___________ and ________ parenting is necessary for secure attachment

A

Predictable; responsive

49
Q

When questioned about attachment relationships, adults may be classified as _______, _________, or ______________.

A

secure; dismissive; preoccupied

50
Q

Secure attachment leads to positive relationships because there is a _______ between child and caregiver

A

trust

51
Q

Secure adults are more likely to provide ________ ___________ and in turn, have securely attached infants

A

sensitive caregiving

52
Q

____-___________ seems to be an important factor in intergenerational attachment

A

Self-awareness

53
Q

_________ can help mothers respond more effectively to their baby’s needs

A

Training

Developmental Psychology Final (12 decks)

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