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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1; Major Themes of A+P > Flashcards

Chapter 1; Major Themes of A+P Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

Inspection

A

looking at the body’s appearance

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4
Q

Palpation

A

feeling a structure with the hands

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5
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to the natural sounds made by the body

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6
Q

Percussion

A

tapping on the body, feeling for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sound for scars of abnormalities

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7
Q

Dissection

A

cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

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8
Q

Cadaver

A

dead human body

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9
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

study of multiple species in order to examine similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

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10
Q

Exploratory surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it

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11
Q

Medical Imaging

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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12
Q

Radiology

A

branch of medicine concerned with imaging

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13
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

structure that can be seen with the naked eye

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14
Q

Histology

A

microscopic anatomy

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15
Q

Histopathology

A

microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

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16
Q

Cytology

A

study of the structure and function of individual cells

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17
Q

Ultrastructure

A

fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

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18
Q

Comparative Physiology

A

study of how different species have solved problems of life

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19
Q

Hippocrates

A

created the Hippocratic Oath

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20
Q

Aristotle

A

one of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and physiology

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21
Q

Claudius Galen

A

physician to the roman gladiators, wrote the most influential medical textbook of the ancient era

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22
Q

Robert Hooke

A

designed scientific instruments of various kinds, including the compound microscope

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23
Q

Antony van Leeuwenhock

A

invented a simple microscope

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24
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells

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25
Inductive Method (first prescribed by Bacon)
process of making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them
26
Negative Feedback
a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it
27
Baroreflex
reflexive correction of blood pressure
28
Ligamentum Arteriosum
a small fibrous band near the heart
29
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
a forearm muscle
30
Sagittal Plane
passes vertically through the body of an organ and divides it into right and left portions
31
Median (midsagittal) Plane
plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves
32
Parasagittal Plane
unequal portions of sagittal planes
33
Frontal (coronal) Plane
extends vertically, but it is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
34
Transverse (horizontal) Plane
divides the body into superior and inferior
35
Ventral
toward the front
36
Dorsal
toward the back
37
Anterior
toward the ventral side
38
Posterior
toward the dorsal side
39
Cephalic
toward the head or superior end
40
Rostral
toward the forehead or nose
41
Caudal
towards the tail or inferior end
42
Superior
Above
43
Inferior
Below
44
Medial
toward the median plane
45
Lateral
Away from the median plane
46
Proximal
closer to the point of attachment or origin
47
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
48
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body (right or left)
49
Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body (right and left)
50
Superficial
Closer to the body surface
51
Deep
Farther from the body surface
52
Axial Region
head, neck, and trunk
53
Subcostal Line
superior horizontal line
54
Intertubular Line
inferior horizontal line that passes from left to right between the tubercles (anterior superior spines) of the pelvis
55
Hypochondriac Region
a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar region
56
Lumbar Region
Lower back and sides
57
Inguinal (iliac) Region
bottom right and bottom left region of abdomen
58
Epigastric Region
upper central region of the abdomen
59
Umbilical Region
Middle region of the abdomen
60
Hypogastric (pubic) Region
bottom middle region of abdomen
61
Femoral Region
thigh
62
Crural Region
leg
63
Tarsal Region
ankle
64
Pedal Region
foot
65
Digits
toes
66
Segment
region of a limb between one joint and the next
67
Cranial Cavity
enclosed by the cranium and contains the brain
68
Vertebral Cavity
enclosed by the vertebral column (spine) and contains the spinal cord.
69
Viscera
the organs contained in the body cavities
70
Visceral Layer
inner layer of an enveloping sac or bursa that lines the outer surface of the enveloped structure
71
Parietal Layer
outer layer of the pleural sac
72
Meninges
Three fibrous membranes between the central nervous system and surrounding bone, the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
73
Coelom
space that forms within the trunk
74
Diaphragm
sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity
75
Thoracic Cavity
body cavity that holds the heart and lungs
76
Abdominopelvic Cavity
body cavity that holds digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
77
Serous Membranes
a membrane that lines a body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera; composed of a simple squamous mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue
78
Mediastinum
the thick median partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
79
Pericardium
outer most layer of the heart
80
Visceral Pericardium
innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
81
Parietal Pericardium (pericardial sac)
tough thickened membranous outer layer of the pericardium
82
Pericardial Cavity
body cavity that holds the heart
83
Pericardial Fluid
serous fluid that fills the pericardial cavity
84
Pleura
a double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung
85
Visceral Pleura
thin layer of serous membrane tissue that adheres to the surface area of the lungs
86
Parietal Pleura
serous membrane that lines the pulmonary cavity
87
Pleural Cavity
Body cavity that holds the lungs
88
Pleural Fluid
fluid found between the layers of the pleura
89
Abdominal Cavity
the body cavity between the diaphragm and pelvic brim
90
Pelvic Cavity
body cavity that holds the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
91
Peritoneum
a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries and viscera
92
Parietal Peritoneum
lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall
93
Visceral Peritoneum
the part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera
94
Peritoneal Cavity
space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
95
Peritoneal Fluid
fluid made in the abdominal cavity
96
Retroperitoneal
behind the peritoneum
97
Intraperitoneal
into the peritoneum
98
Mesentery
visceral peritoneum
99
Serosa
a thin epithelial membrane composed of a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of areolar tissue; covers the external surfaces of viscera and forms membranes
100
Posterior Mesentery
double layer of peritoneum
101
Mesocolon
posterior mesentery of the large intestine
102
Anterior Mesentery
mesentery that continues up the anterior body wall
103
Greater Omentum
large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach
104
Lesser Omentum
peritoneal fold attached to the anterior surface of the transverse colon
105
Potential Spaces
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Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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