Chapter 1 - Overview Eating Patterns of Canadians

Question 1

health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity

Question 2

physical health is what?

Answer 2

physical activity + nutrition

Question 3

nutrition

Answer 3

a science that studies the interactions between living organisms and the food they consume

Question 4

nutrients

Answer 4

chemical substances in foods that:

• provide energy
• give structure
• regulate body processes

Question 5

what are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Answer 5

1) carbohydrates
2) fats and oils
3) proteins
4) vitamins
5) minerals
6) Water

Question 6

we need _____ to fuel our activities

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

Kilocalorie

Answer 7

the amount of heat needed to raise 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius

Question 8

a unit of measurement sed to quantify the amount of energy in food that can be supplied to the body

Answer 8

Kilocalorie

Question 9

macronutrients provide what?

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

how much is needed of macronutrients?

Answer 10

Large amounts are needed in the body everyday

Question 11

what are the 4 macronutrients?

Answer 11

carbs, fats, proteins, water

Question 12

______ are our primary fuel source

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

3 examples of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 13

table sugar, fruits, milk

Question 14

2 examples of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 14

starches in grain products and vegetables

Question 15

do we want to focus on simple or complex carbohydrates more?

Answer 15

complex

Question 16

is fibre a simple or a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 16

complex

Question 17

true or false: fibre provides energy

Answer 17

FALSE: fiber does not provide energy

Question 18

another name for “fats and oils” is whaT?

Answer 18

lipids

Question 19

true or false: lipids are the most energy dense

Answer 19

true

Question 20

where are fats and oils stored?

Answer 20

adipose tissue

Question 21

what is vital for fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 21

oils and fats

Question 22

if a lipid is a liquid it is_____ if it is a solid it is______

Answer 22

liquid = oil
solid = fat

Question 23

_____ support tissue growth, maintenance and repair

Answer 23

proteins

Question 24

proteins are the only macronutrient to contain ____

Answer 24

nitrogen

Question 25

proteins --> ____

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

_____ makes up most of the human body

Answer 26

water

Question 27

what percentage of our body is water?

Answer 27

62%

Question 28

what percentage of our body is fat?

Answer 28

16%

Question 29

what percentage of our body is protein?

Answer 29

16%

Question 30

what percentage of our body is minerals, carbohydrates and other substances?

Answer 30

6%

Question 31

does water provide Kcals?

Answer 31

no

Question 32

5 functions of water

Answer 32

1) temperature regulation 2) waste removal 3) transport of nutrients 4) nerve impulses 5) muscle contractions

Question 33

if something has 8 grams of fat, 20 grams of protein and 30 grams of carbohydrates, calculate the caloric content.

Answer 33

272 Kcalories

Question 34

true or false: micronutrients don't provide energy but are still important

Answer 34

true

Question 35

micro = ____

Answer 35

small

Question 36

list 5 minerals

Answer 36

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and iron

Question 37

non organic minerals do not contain what?

Answer 37

carbon (because they are elements on their own)

Question 38

3 diseases in which nutrition plays some role

Answer 38

1) osteoporosis 2) osteoarthritis 3) some forms of cancer

Question 39

4 diseases with a strong nutritional component

Answer 39

1) type 2 diabetes 2) heart disease 3) high blood pressure 4) obesity

Question 40

5 diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities

Answer 40

1) pellagra 2) scurvy 3) iron-deficiency anemia 4) other vitamin and mineral deficiencies 5) nutrient toxicities

Question 41

malnutrition

Answer 41

too little or too much of one of more nutrients

Question 42

what are the 2 types of malnutrition?

Answer 42

undernourishment and over nourishment

Question 43

true or false: of the 10 leading causes of death in Canada, the top 3 are nutrition related

Answer 43

true (cancer, heart disease, stroke)

Question 44

what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables?

Answer 44

50%

Question 45

what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of milk and alternatives?

Answer 45

66%

Question 46

what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of grain products

Answer 46

majority

Question 47

what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of meat and alternatives

Answer 47

the only group for which canadians meet the recommended intake, though, overly processed meats, high in fat etc.

Question 48

7 influences on food choices

Answer 48

1) availability 2) cultural and family background 3) social acceptability 4) personal preference 5) psychological and emotional factors 6) health concerns 7) media