Chapter 1-Personal Outline

Question 1

______________: is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

__________: the scientific study of life

Answer 2

Biology

Question 3

What are the seven characteristics of life:

Answer 3

• order
• energy processing
• growth and development
• regulation
• Evolutionary Adaptation
• reproduction
• responce to environment

Question 4

____________: all of life is organized and structured

Answer 4

Order

Question 5

__________: all forms of life have the ability to process energy and obtain nutrients and fuel from chemical energy.

Answer 5

Energy Processing

Question 6

__________________: inherited genetic information controls the growth and development of all organisms

Answer 6

Growth and Development

Question 7

__________________: all forms of life contain internal mechanisms that adjust an organism to compensate for changing environmental conditions

Answer 7

Regulation

Question 8

_____________________: populations of organisms are able to adapt to environmental conditions and as a result change permanently.

Answer 8

Evolutionary Adaptations

Question 9

__________________: Each type of organism is able to reproduce its own kind

Answer 9

Reproduction

Question 10

___________________: Living organisms are able to respond to stimuli in their environment.

Answer 10

responce to enviroment

Question 11

There are 5 touchstone themes in Biology:

Answer 11

Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, and Evolution

Question 12

Biology is Organized into 10 (9 according to book) Biological Levels:

Answer 12

• Atomic Level
• Molecular Level
• Organelle Level
• Cellular Level
• Tissue Level
• Organ Level/ Organ System Level
• Organismal Level
• Population Level
• Community Level
• Ecosystem Level
• Biosphere Level

Question 13

atoms are the smallest unit of matter ex: hydrogen

Answer 13

atomic level

Question 14

molecules are more than one atom bound together ex: protein, lipids

Answer 14

molecular level

Question 15

“little organ” the various functional components present in a cell ex: chloroplasts

Answer 15

organelle level

Question 16

cells are the smallest unit of life that contains all the properties of life

Answer 16

cellular level

Question 17

is a group of cells working together to perform a specialized function.

Answer 17

tissue level

Question 18

_____________ a group of tissues working together to perform a particular function. __________ are multiple organs working together to perform complex tasks.

Answer 18

Organ level

Organ Systems

Question 19

a single living being

Answer 19

organismal level

Question 20

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

Answer 20

population level

Question 21

multiple populations of different organisms living in the same area.

Answer 21

Community Level:

Question 22

all organisms and non-living matter in a given area ex: a continent.

Answer 22

ecosystem Level:

Question 23

all ecosystems combined, generally speaking planet earth.

Answer 23

The Biosphere:

Question 24

are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Answer 24

Emergent Properties:

Question 25

the exploration of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among its parts. It examines and models the dynamic behaviors of an integrated network of components in a single living organism.

Answer 25

systems biology

Question 26

large and complex, contains membrane, enclosed organelles, most notably it contains a nucleus.

Answer 26

Eukaryotic Cells:

Question 27

small and simple, do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.

Answer 27

Prokaryotic Cells:

Question 28

chromosomes carry this genetic material. A nucleic acid molecule that is usually double stranded helix each polynucleotide strand consist of nucleotide monomers

Answer 28

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid):

Question 29

a unit of hereditary information, consisting of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA and RNA

Answer 29

Genes

Question 30

DNA structure accounts for its ability to store genetic information; it is a ____________ and each chain is made of 4 nucleotides.

Answer 30

Double Helix Strand

Question 31

the entire process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product.

Answer 31

gene expression

Question 32

the entire library of genetic information that an organism inherits

Answer 32

genome

Question 33

the study of sets of genes in one or more species in order to discover there properties

Answer 33

Genomics:

Question 34

the study of sets of proteins in one or more species in order to discover their properties

Answer 34

Proteomics:

Question 35

the use of tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data.

Answer 35

Bioinformatics:

Question 36

organism, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers.

Answer 36

Consumers:

Question 37

organism that pass along chemical energy. They are commonly, plants and other photosynthetic organisms.

Answer 37

produces

Question 38

There are two types of ____________, the output or product of a process that regulates homeostasis

Answer 38

feedback regulation

Question 39

a loop in which the response reduces the original stimulus

Answer 39

Negative Feedback:

Question 40

in which the end product speeds up its own production

Answer 40

Positive Feedback:

Question 41

the branch of Biology that names and classifies species into a Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genes Species.

Answer 41

Taxonomy:

Question 42

•There are 3 domains of life ______________________ _____________ contain prokaryotic cells _________ contains eukaryotic cells.

Answer 42

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea Eukarya

Question 43

the father of evolution, he published his book the origin of species, he developed his theory while on the Galapagos Islands. His ideas are often expressed in an evolutionary tree or tree of life.

Answer 43

Charles Darwin:

Question 44

Darwin’s title for the mechanism of evolutionary adaptation because the environment selects for certain traits.

Answer 44

Natural Selection:

Question 45

a way of knowing

Answer 45

Science:

Question 46

a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena.

Answer 46

Inquiry:

Question 47

recorded information

Answer 47

data

Question 48

a generalization that is summarized from a large number of scientific observations (discovery science)

Answer 48

inductive reasoning

Question 49

uses general premises to extrapolate results (hypothesis science) uses scientific method

Answer 49

Deductive reasoning

Question 50

a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation that is ready for trial

Answer 50

hypothesis

Question 51

Steps of the scientific method

Answer 51

: 1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Test

Question 52

is an in-depth examination of an actual investigation

Answer 52

case study

Question 53

is a much broader in scope than hypothesis. A widely accepted explanation that a large body of evidence supports.

Answer 53

Theory

Question 54

the factor manipulated by experiment

Answer 54

Independent Variable

Question 55

the factor that is measured by the experiment

Answer 55

Dependent Variable

Question 56

The goal of science is

Answer 56

to understand natural phenomena, which the goal of Technology is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose