Chapter 1 terms Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of the structure of the body
2
Q
Physiology
A
study of the function of the body
3
Q
Levels of organization of the body
A
- Chemical (atom and molecule)
- Cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
4
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Things we can see with the naked eye
5
Q
Gross anatomy:
- surface anatomy (define)
A
Study of the general form and superficial markings
6
Q
Gross anatomy:
- Regional anatomy (define)
A
Study of all of the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body
7
Q
Gross anatomy:
- Systemic anatomy (define)
A
study of the structure of major organ systems
8
Q
Microscopic anatomy
A
things we nee magnification to see
9
Q
types of anatomy that fall under Gross anatomy
A
- surface anatomy
- regional anatomy
- systemic anatomy
10
Q
Types of anatomy that fall under microscopic anatomy
A
- Cytology anatomy
- histology anatomy
11
Q
Microscopic anatomy:
- cytology (define)
A
study of the structure o f individual cells
12
Q
Microscopic anatomy:
- Histology anatomy (define)
A
study of the tissue level of anatomical organization
13
Q
List all of the body systems (12)
A
- Integumentary system
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- vascular system
- lymphatic system
- nervous system
- respiratory system
- digestive system
- endocrine system
- Renal/Urinary system
- Male Reproductive system
- Female reproductive system
14
Q
Homeostasis
A
The body likes things to stay the same, and will adjust to keep things that way
15
Q
Negative feedback
A
occurs when making a change sends a signal to undo the change
16
Q
what is the anatomic position?
A
Standing upright arms down and palms forward, feet together
17
Q
Appendicular
A
direction
means arms and legs ( the “appendages”)
18
Q
Axial
A
Direction
means Trunk of the body (so everything except the arms and legs)
19
Q
Anterior
A
Direction
means front
20
Q
Posterior
A
Direction
means back
21
Q
Ventral
A
Direction
means toward the chest and belly
22
Q
Dorsal
A
Direction
means toward the back
23
Q
Superior
A
direction
means up
24
Q
inferior
A
direction
means down
25
Cephalic/cranial
Direction
| means towards the head
26
Caudal
Direction
| means towards the buttocks
27
superficial
Direction
near the surface of the body and can come in contact with things outside the body
Ex: rib cage is superficial to the heart
28
Deep
Direction
farther from the surface of the body
Ex: rib cage is deep to the pectoral muscles
29
External
direction
| closer to the outside
30
internal
direction
| more on the inside
31
proximal
direction
closer to the center
(mainly used for arms and legs)
32
distal
direction
further form the center
(mainly used for arms and legs)
33
lateral
direction
| further out to the sides
34
medial
direction
| closer to the center
35
supine
direction
body positioned face up
drink soup fine
36
Prone
Direction
body positioned face down
Soup "Prones" out of your mouth
37
Transverse plane
Horizontal cut
38
Sagittal plane
cuts the body into left and right halves
39
midsagittal/median plane
means the cut is right down the middle
40
Parasagittal plane
means we're making a sagittal cut (into right and left), but it's not right down the middle
41
Coronal/frontal plane
cuts the body into a front half and a back half
42
oblique plane
cuts the body at an angle
43
Region
| in the direction of the head
Cephalic/Cranial Region
| Axial Region
44
Cephalic/Cranial
Axial Region
| in the direction of the head
45
Auricular
Axial Region
| referring to the ears
46
Region
| referring to the ears
Auricular Region
| Axial
47
Region
| Nose
Nasal Region
| Axial
48
Nasal
Axial Region
| Nose
49
Region
| Mouth
Oral region
| Axial
50
Cervical
Axial Region
| Neck
51
Region
| Neck
Cervical region
| Axial
52
Thoracic
Axial Region
| Chest (where ribs are)
53
Region
| Chest (where ribs are)
Thoracic region
| Axial
54
Pectoral
Axial Region
| Front of the chest
55
Region
| Front of the chest
pectoral Region
| Axial
56
Axillary
Axial Region
| Armpits
57
Region
| Armpits
Axillary region
| Axial
58
Mammary
Axial Region
| Breasts
59
Region
| Breasts
Mammary region
| Axial
60
Sternal
Axial Region
| around the sternum (breastbone)
61
Dorsal
Axial region
| back
62
region
| back
Dorsal region
| Axial
63
Scapular
Axial Region
| Bony "wings" (shoulder blade)
64
Region
| Bony "wings" (shoulder blade)
Scapular region
| Axial
65
vertebral
Axial Region
| spine
66
Region
| spine
Vertebral region
| Axial
67
Abdominal
Axial Region
| your belly. Below the ribs/diaphragm, above the pelvis in front.
68
Region
| your belly. Below the ribs/diaphragm, above the pelvis in front.
Abdominal Region
| Axial
69
Pelvic
Axial Region
| area around the pelvis, the bones you are sitting on (hips and buttocks)
70
Axial Region
| around the sternum (breastbone)
Sternal region
| Axial
71
Axial Region
| area around the pelvis, the bones you are sitting on (hips and buttocks)
Pelvic region
| Axial
72
Deltoid
Appendicular Region
| Shoulder
73
Region
| Shoulder
Deltoid Region
| Appendicular
74
Brachial
Appendicular Region
| Arm
75
Region
| Arm
Brachial Region
| Appendicular
76
Antecubital
Appendicular Region
| Front crease elbow (inside)
77
Region
| Front crease elbow (inside)
Antecubital Region
| Appendicular
78
Olecranal
Appendicular Region
| Back/point of elbow
79
Region
| Back/point of elbow
Olecranal Region
| Appendicular
80
Antebrachial
Appendicular region
| forearm
81
region
| forearm
Antebrachial Region
| Appendicular
82
Manus
Appendicular Region
| hand
83
Region
| hand
manus Region
| Appendicular
84
Carpal
Appendicular Region
| wrist
85
Region
| wrist
Carpal Region
| Appendicular
86
Dorsum of hand
Appendicular region
| back of the hand
87
region
| back of the hand
Dorsum of hand Region
| Appendicular
88
Palmar
Appendicular region
| Palm of the hand
89
region
| Palm of the hand
Palmar region
| Appendicular
90
digital
Appendicular region
| fingers
91
region
| fingers
digital region
| Appendicular
92
pollex
Appendicular region
| thumb
93
region
| thumb
pollex region
| Appendicular
94
Gluteal
Appendicular Region
| buttocks
95
Region
| buttocks
gluteal region
| Appendicular
96
Coxal
Appendicular Region
| Another word for pelvic/hip
97
Region
| Another word for pelvic/hip
Coxal region
| Appendicular
98
Femoral
Appendicular Region
| upper leg
99
Region
| upper leg
Femoral region
| Appendicular
100
patellar
Appendicular Region
| kneecaps
101
Region
| kneecaps
patellar region
| Appendicular
102
popliteal
Appendicular Region
| back of the knee
103
Region
| back of the knee
popliteal region
| Appendicular
104
Crural
Appendicular Region
| shin
105
Region
| shin
Crural region
| Appendicular
106
Sural
Appendicular Region
| Calf of the leg (back of lower leg)
107
Region
| Calf of the leg (back of lower leg)
Sural region
| Appendicular
108
Pes
Appendicular Region
| Foot (including ankle)
109
Region
| Foot (including ankle)
Pes region
| Appendicular
110
Tarsal
Appendicular Region
| ankle
111
Region
| ankle
Tarsal Region
| Appendicular
112
Calcaneal
Appendicular Region
| Heel
113
Region
| Heel
Clacaneal region
| Appendicular
114
Dorsum of foot
Appendicular Region
| Top of foot
115
Region
| Top of foot
Dorsum of foot region
| Appendicular
116
Plantar surface of foot
Appendicular Region
| Side you stand on
117
Region
| Side you stand on
Plantar surface of foot region
| Appendicular
118
Digital
Appendicular Region
| toes
119
Region
| toes
Digital region
| Appendicular
120
Hallux
Appendicular Region
| Big Toe
121
Region
| Big Toe
Hallux Region
| Appendicular
122
Body cavities
- empty spaces in your skeleton that your organs go into
| - Closed, full of fluid, and lined with a thin layer of tissue called serous membrane
123
serous membrane
thin layer of tissue in body cavities
124
Visceral organ
internal organs that exist within body cavities
125
List some visceral organs
- Brain and spinal cord
- lungs
- heart
- stomach
- spleen
- liver
126
Dorsal cavity
Contains brain and spinal cord
made of 2 parts:
- Cranial cavity: contains brain
- vertebral cavity: contains spinal cord
127
Contains brain and spinal cord
Made of 2 parts
Dorsal cavity
- Cranial cavity: contains brain
- vertebral cavity: contains spinal cord
128
Thoracic Cavity
```
Inside the ribcage
Contains:
- Pleural cavities: contain the lungs
- Pericardial cavity: contains the heart
- Mediastinum
```
129
Cranial cavity
Contains brain
130
Vertebral cavity
Contains spinal cord
131
Pleural Cavities
Contains the lungs
132
Pericardial Cavity
Contails the heart
133
Mediastrinum
not really a cavity, it contains the big arteries and veins that go to the heart, the trachea, and the esophagus. Also surrounds and stabilizes the pericardial cavity
