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Anatomy 1090 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

which body plane makes a horizontal cut, creating a superior and inferior portion?

A

Transverse

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2
Q

when you move in the cephalic direction, which direction are you going?

A

Toward the head

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3
Q

Which stage of the cell cycle includes microtubules separating daughter chromosomes

A

anaphase

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4
Q

Which of the following describes a connective tissue?
a. mucosal tissue on a body surface
b. muscle tissue
c. tissue composed of neurons and glial cells
d tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone

A

tendon tissue holding a muscle onto a bone

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5
Q

superior shoulder

A

deltoid

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6
Q

thumb

A

pollex

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7
Q

kneecap/anterior knee

A

patellar

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8
Q

ear

A

auricular

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9
Q

wrist

A

carpal

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10
Q

Name the true body cavity that contains the heart (this cavity does NOT also contain the lungs)

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

to get from the sternal region of the vertebral region, you go in which direction?

A

dorsal

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12
Q

which of the following organelles is responsible for destroying a phagocytosis pathogen that is now in a vesicle

A

lysosome

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13
Q

Name three functions of the cell’s plasma membrane

A

1- separates the inside and the outside of the cell
2- participates in endocytosis and exocytosis
3- anchors structural protiens

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14
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be a protien?

a. most common molecule in plasma membrane
b. molecule storing genetic information
c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

C. Thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Name to the major layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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16
Q

What is mRNA?

A

RNA “photocopy” of DNA code for a protein

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17
Q

What is tRNA

A

Attached to a amino acid

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18
Q

What is rRNA

A

component of ribosomes

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19
Q

Which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide strength in one direction?

A

Collagen fiber

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20
Q

Which body plane makes a vertical cut down the middle of the body, creating equal left and right portions?

A

midsaggital

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21
Q

When fatty acids are broken down, they create hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct that has to be neutralized by the cell. Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down fatty acids?

A

Peroxisome

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22
Q

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging secretions and packaging vesicles within enzymes to create lysosomes? Hint: it acts like the cell’s post office.

A

Golgi apparatus

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23
Q

Name one direct effect of ultraviolet radiation on skin

A

With small amounts it creates vitamin D

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24
Q

When you move in a dorsal direction, which direction are you going?

A

toward the back

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25
Name the cell's major energy currency, made in the mitochondria.
ATP
26
Name the 12 body systems
``` Integumentary Respiratory skeletal muscular vascular Nervous endocrine lymphatic digestive Renal/urinary Reproductive male/female ```
27
which of the following has a pH closest to that of blood?
Water (7.0)
28
What is the pH of blood
7.35-7.45
29
The most common macromolecule found in the cell's plasma membrane is
phospholipid
30
Your hair color and skin color come from two types of the pigment called
Melanin
31
The most apical layer of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum
32
What is microvilli?
small fingerlike projections to increase surface area of membrane for absorption
33
What is nucleus
stores genetic material
34
What is cilia
whip like extensions of cell that move material over cell surface
35
What is ribosome?
organelle that most directly participates in translation
36
what is rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site of synthesis and packaging of lysosomal protiens
37
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum
site of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
38
What is centriole
essential for movement of chromosomes during mitosis
39
name 4 functions of the skeletal system
1- blood cell production 2- storage of minerals and lipids 3- protection 4- support
40
which body cavity contains the lungs
pleural cavities
41
which of the following is a characteristic of a visceral organ?
found in a body cavity found mainly in the trunk of the body covered with membranes
42
what is the weakest chemical bond
hydrogen bond
43
what exclusively happens in the | s phase of the cell cycle
DNA replication
44
What pairs with adenine and is found only in DNA
Thymine
45
Which of the following is only performed by specialized immune cells such as macrophages? a. endocytosis b. pinocytosis c. exocytosis d. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
46
Explain why endocytosis depletes the cell membrane
it uses part of the cell membrane to enclose the molecule brought into the cell.
47
increases in blood glucose due to eating signal the pancreas to secrete insulin, which causes glucose to be removed from the blood back to their target levels TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
48
What part of the body do not have its own blood supply
cartilage cornea epidermis
49
what kind of tissue is the main tissue type found in the dermal papillae?
Areolar connective tissue
50
Which stage of mitosis includes the dissolving of nuclear membrane and condensation of the DNA chromatin into structures visible with a low power microscope.
prophase
51
which of the following cells releases histamine and heparin in response to cell damage or detection of a pathogen, and causes problems during many allergic reactions
Mast cells
52
Which tissue causes the heart to beat
Cardiac Muscle
53
what macromolecule is responsible for long-term storage of the genetic code?
DNA
54
which of the following glands produces an oily produce secreted onto skin?
sebaceous gland
55
Explain how the body can have several dozen different kinds of cells even though all of them have identical DNA
DIFFERENTIATION | DNA is packaged so that some genes are easy or impossible to get to and genes are turned on and off
56
Which kind of tissue has the main goal of storing energy?
Adipose connective tissue
57
Chest (where the ribs are)
Thoracic
58
By the genitals (where the hair is)
Pubic
59
Calf (posterior leg)
sural
60
Big Toe
Hallux
61
armpit
Axillary
62
Eyes and eye sockets
orbital
63
Proximal arm
Brachial
64
``` To get from antecubital region to the deltoid region, you go in which direction? a. Distal b. Proximal c. Caudal D. ventral e. dorsal ```
PROXIMAL
65
name four things that are found in a bone
Calcified matrix osteons tissue producing blood cells lacunae
66
Which of the following is an endocrine secretion? a. subum b. sweat c. slaiva d. estrogen
ESTROGEN
67
what is merocrine?
Type of secretion | secretory product released from vesicles by exocytosis
68
what is holocrine?
Type of secretion | Secretory cell ruptures to release secretory product
69
what is Apocrine?
Type of secretion | Secretory cell sheds apical portion of cytoplasm
70
name a monomeric subunit of protein
Amino Acid
71
What is an atom
smallest unit of matter
72
what is an electron shell?
area around an atom's nucleus where negatively charged particles are typically found
73
what is a compound
substance made of at least two different elements
74
what is an ion
atom or molecule with an electric charge due to losing or gaining electrons
75
what is a molecule
group of two or more atoms bonded together
76
going outside on a cold day signals skeletal muscles to contract repeatedly, generating heat to maintain homeostasis of temperature. this series of vents is an example of what process?
Negative feedback
77
name the levels of organization of the body from smallest to largest
``` Chemical cellular tissue organ organ system ```
78
name 3 visceral organs
spleen liver stomach
79
in pregnancy, a hormone called oxytocin is released in response to labor contraction, and then signals to intensify and speed up contraction. This is an example of homeostasis. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
80
What type of chemical bonds hold complementary pairs of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
81
Phagocytic cells create large vesicles called phagosome. they then fuse these phagosomes with which organelle?
lysosomes
82
which of the following is most likely to be hydrophobic? a. cytoplasmic protein b. monosaccharide c. fatty acid d. potassium salts e. strong acid
FATTY ACID
83
what is produced as a result of exposure of the skin to small amounts of ultraviolet radiation?
Vitamin D
84
what is known as "cell drinking" for relatively indiscriminately pulling small amounts of extracellular material into the cell
pinocytosis
85
what is the role of a neuroglia cell
support neurons
86
where are you most likely to find smooth muscle?/ a. muscles of the forearm b. intestinal muscle c. in the muscular layer of the heart' d. voluntary muscles of the digestive tract
Intestinal muscle
87
what shape are columnar cells?
tall and narrow
88
name four things in the integumentary system
Epidermis hair dermis toenails
89
which of these regions is NOT part of the cephalic region? a. frontal b. parietal c. mental d. coxal e. oral
Coxal
90
which type of connective tissue fiber is designed to provide stretchiness and flexibility?
elastic fiber
91
which body plane makes a vertical cut, creating anterior and posterior portions
coronal
92
TRUE or FALSE | the dermis is made of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
TRUE
93
Name 3 roles of a protein
support cell and tissue structures metabolic regulation defense against pathogens and injury
94
In osteons of compact bone, what is the passageway that allows blood from the central canal to reach osteocytes?
Canaliculi
95
Which of the following is not a steroid? a. testosterone b. cholesterol c. adenosine d. estrogen
Adenosine
96
Which of the following does not require ATP a. facilitated diffusion b. receptor-mediated endocytosis c. phagocytosis d. pinocytosis
facilitated diffusion
97
what is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane
stiffens the membrane
98
what is the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
barrier to separate inside and outside the cell
99
what is the role of protiens in the plasma membrane
structural support for the cytoskeleton
100
which ion is found in much high concentrations inside the cell than outside the cell
potassium
101
which of the following is not made of connective tissue a. intervertebral discs b. biceps tendon c. spinal cord d. adipose tissue
Spinal cord
102
What is the name for the most plentiful cells in most connective tissues, which are responsible for producing collagen and other fibers
fibroblast
103
TRUE or FALSE | compact bone is the major site of calcium storage for the body
True
104
Which stage of mitosis include microtubules separating daughter chromosomes
anaphase
105
where are new white blood cell produced
bone marrow
106
Anterior
toward the front
107
posterior
toward the back/rear
108
medial
toward the midline of the body
109
lateral
away form the midline of the body
110
proximal
toward the trunk
111
distal
away from the trunk
112
ventral
toward the chest
113
superior
up

Anatomy 1090 (18 decks)

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