Test #2 Flashcards
1
Q
The bone in the brachial region is called the
A
Humerus
2
Q
Name 6 tissue types found in named muscle
A
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Connective tissue proper (tendons and ensheathments)
- Epithelium lining the lumina of the blood vessels
- Smooth muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Blood within blood vessels
3
Q
TRUE or FALSE
the muscles responsible for voluntary swallowing are primarily composed of skeletal muscle
A
True
4
Q
what cell lays down calcified matrix to make more compact bone?
A
Osteoblast
5
Q
The coxal joint is located at the…
A
Hip
6
Q
which movement involves moving away from the center of the body
A
abduction
7
Q
which type of joint is freely mobile
A
synovial joint
8
Q
name 3 bones that develop through intramembranous ossification
A
flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles
9
Q
which of the following develops due to to insufficient ATP for muscle contraction?
a. physiologic tetanus
b. pathologic tentanus
c. rigor mortis
d. muscle cramping
A
Rigor mortis
10
Q
A yogi maintains the tree pose without moving for 2 minutes.
TRUE or FALSE
This yogi’s muscles are mainly engaged in isotonic contraction.
A
FALSE
11
Q
which part of the bone is spongy bone likely to be found
A
epiphysis
12
Q
Making a fist involves performing what action with your metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?
A
Flexion
13
Q
your to (superior) teeth are attached to which bones
A
Maxilla
14
Q
Name the ion released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum that directly signals sarcomeres to contract?
A
Calcium
15
Q
name the roles of skeletal muscle
A
- Structural support for the entire body.
- Protection of underlying organs and soft tissues
- Leverage: Bones are the levers that muscles pull on
- Storage of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate ions, and lipids
- Blood cell production: Makes red and white blood cells
16
Q
Which of the following IS a role of skeletal muscle
a. contract the heart
b. move food through the esophagus
c. maintain posture
d. constrict a blood vessel
A
MAINTAIN POSTURE
17
Q
which of the following functions to DECREASE, rather than increase, blood pressure and blood volume?
a. atrial natriuretic peptide
b. aldosterone
c. Renin
d. Angiotensin II
A
Atrial natriuretic peptide
18
Q
which of the following does light NOT need to pass through to reach photoreceptors in the retina?
a. lens
b. vitreous body
c. Sclera
d. Cornea
A
Sclera
19
Q
The two bones that for the lateral aspects of the skull (deep to the ears) are called the
A
temporal bones
20
Q
list the 12 cranial nerves and their type
A
olfactory--Special optic--Special oculomotor--Motor trochlear--Motor trigeminal--Both abducens--Motor facial--Both vestibulocochlear--Special glossopharyngeal--Both vagus--Both accessory--Motor hypoglossal--Motor
21
Q
what is abduction
A
movement away from the center of the body
22
Q
what is adduction
A
movement toward the center of the body
23
Q
what is rotation
A
movement in a circle
24
Q
what is flexion
A
decreasing the angle of the joint
25
what is protraction
anterior movement
26
which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and for movement of muscles for mastication?
Trigeminal nerve
27
Which of the following is NOT a role of the skeletal system
a. structural support
b. contraction for movement
c. storage of calcium
d. production of red blood cells
Contraction for movement
28
what is the name of the protein that physically covers the myosin-binding site on actin to prevent muscular contraction in the absence of cytoplasmic calcium?
tropomyosin
29
which type of nerve sends sensory information for the thermoreceptors in the skin?
a. somatic afferent
b. visceral afferent
c. somatic efferent
d. visceral efferent
Somatic afferent
30
where is the atlanto-axial joint?
between C1 and C2
31
where is the carpal joint?
wrist
32
where is the tarsal joint?
ankle
33
where is the coxal joint?
hip
34
Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol secretions?
a. adipose tissue cells release lipids
b. anti-inflammatory effect
c. skeletal muscle cells make more amino acids
d. liver makes more glucose
Anti-inflammatory effect
35
which of the following senses rotational equilibrium?
a. Utricle
b. Saccule
c. Semicircular canals
d. Cochlea
semicircular canals
36
which band in a sarcomere narrows during a contraction
I band
37
which of the following bones develops through endochondral ossification?
a. frontal
b. parietal
c. Mandible
d. Femur
Femur
38
osteons organized into tubes called trabeculae form the distinctive appearance of which bone tissue type?
spongy bone
39
what is diplopia?
double vision
40
what is astigmatism?
unusual eye shape does not allow focusing of light
41
what is myopia?
nearsightedness
42
what is strabismus?
pupils do not align properly
43
what is hyperopia?
farsightedness
44
Which of the following is responsible for motor control of involuntary effectors?
a. central nervous system
b. peripheral nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
45
name the 5 true endocrine organs
```
pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
pineal gland
```
46
which levels of the spine has fused vertebrae?
Sacral Vertebrae
| coccyx vertebrae
47
Where photoreceptor located
the neural part of the retina
48
where is the mechanoreceptor located
baroreceptor in the liver
49
where is the chemoreceptor located
gustatory receptor in a taste bud
50
Where are free nerve endings located?
nociceptor in the skin
51
which of the following is the LEAST likely to be a multipolar neuron?
a. motor nerve to skeletal muscle
b. Efferent nerve to a gland
c. sensory nerve in the peripheral nervous system
d. neuron in the temporal lobe
Sensory nerve in the peripheral nervous system
52
which of the following cells does a neuron NOT typically synapse with?
a. Glial cell
b. Neuron
c. Muscle fiber
d. Glandular cell
Glial Cell
53
Melatonin, which helps regulate the circadian rhythm, is produced by which gland?
pineal gland
54
Where is CSF typically produced?
Ventricles
55
Which organelle transmits an action potential from the neuromuscular junction to the interior of a skeletal muscle cell?
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. troponin
c. myosin
d. T tubule
e. synaptic terminal
T tubule
56
Where are bitter taste buds typically located?
at the back of the tongue
57
Where are the sour taste buds typically located?
on the side of the tongue towards the back
58
define arthritis
inflammation of the joint
59
name the functions of the muscular system
```
Move the skeleton
Maintain posture and body position.
Support soft tissues.
Guard entrances and exits.
Maintain body temperature.
```
60
frontal lobe function
executive functions including personality and planning
61
Hypothalamus function
control of endocrine and autonomic nervous systems
62
Thalamus function
relay and processing centers for sensory information
63
Cerebellum functions
coordinates motor response to proprioceptors
64
Medulla oblongata function
regulates autonomic functions like heartbeat
65
LH stimulates the release of all of the following hormones except:
a. testosterone
b. progesterone
c. estrogen
d. melatonin
Melatonin
66
Explain how the iris controls the amount of light that strikes the retina.
- The 2 layers of the smooth muscle in the iris can change the diameter of the pupil.
- Sympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the radially oriented dilators, causing pupils to dilate.
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the concentric constrictor muscles, causing pupils to constrict.
67
Which of the layers of connective tissue surrounds a single muscle fiber.
a. epineurium
b. tendon
c. endoneurium
d. aponeurosis
e. Perineurium
Endoneurium
68
Which of the following cells is a mature compact bone cell living in a lacuna?
Osteocyte
69
Name the functions of the nervous system
- Monitor the body’s internal and external environments
- Integrate sensory information
- Coordinate voluntary and involuntary responses of many other organ systems.
70
the target of TSH
(thyroid stimulating hormone)
| Target is the thyroid gland
71
The target of ACTH
(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
| Targets adrenal gland
72
The target of ADH
(Antidiuretic hormone)
| Targets Kidneys
73
The target of Oxytocin
Uterus and breasts
74
The target of FSH
(Follicle-stimulating hormone)
| Targets Ovaries and Testes
75
TRUE or FALSE
| An afferent nerve carries sensory information to the CNS
TRUE
76
Function of Astrocyte
Glial cell
| - Star shaped cell that covers capillaries inside the skull
77
Function of Schwann cell
Glial Cell
| - Forms PNS neuron myelin sheath
78
Function of Ependymal cell
Glial Cell
| - Makes and moves CSF
79
Function of Oligodendrocyte
Secretes CNS neuron myelin sheath
80
Function of Microglia
CNS immune cell
81
your cheek bones are called your
zygomatic bones
82
List the functions of the limbic system
Establish emotional states
Link the conscious with the subconscious, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious and autonomic functions of the brainstem
Aid long-term memory storage and retrieval
83
Epinephrine is released from which part of the adrenal gland?
a. Zona gomerulosa
b. Zona fasciculate
c. Zona retcularis
d. Adrenal medulla
Adrenal medulla
84
which cell breaks down calcified matrix to release calcium from compact bone?
osteoclast
85
The antagonist for insulin is
Glucagon
86
List the functions of the endocrine system
Long-term regulation and adjustments of homeostatic processes that affect many body functions: telling you body what homeostasis is. Makes homeostasis happen
Metabolism: For all organ systems, adjusts metabolic rate and use of substances, such as glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids
Regulates growth and development
87
red-green color blindness comes from a genetically caused absence of which photoreceptors?
a. red cones
b. red rods
c. Blue cones
d. green rods
Red cones
88
bone marrow is the most likely to be found in this component of long bone
diaphysis
89
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), released from the hypothalamus, stimulates the release of the following hormones
a. FSH and LH
b. Estrogen and progesterone
c. ACTH
d. . Growth hormone and prolactin
FSH and LH
90
which of the following is released from the pituitary gland as a result of stimulation transmitted through the hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract.
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. ACTH
d. Growth hormone
e. FSH
Oxytocin
91
location of thyroid gland
anterior surface of the larynx
92
location of adrenal gland
on the kidneys
93
location of the pineal gland
epithalamus
94
location of the pituitary gland
sella turcica of sphenoid bone
95
the triceps brachii pulls the forearm in the opposite direction from the biceps brachii (extension as opposed to flexion of the arm). Which of the following words best describes the relationship of the triceps brachii to the biceps brachii?
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. insertion
e. origin
Antagonist
96
A construction worker finds that their hearing has been damaged by years of exposure to dangerously loud sounds. An audiologist diagnoses conductive deafness. which is the most likely location of the damage?
a. Tympanic membrane
b. organ of corti
c. semicircular ducts
d. saccule
Tympanic membrane
97
which of the following hormones is not produced or activated by the kidneys?
a. calcitriol
b. erythropoietin
c. angiotensin II
d. renin
Angiotensin II
