Chapter 1 Terms

Question 1

The study of the cause of disease

Answer 1

Etiology

Question 2

The cause of the disease if unknown

Answer 2

Idiopathic

Question 3

When the treatment, procedure or error used in treating one disease causes another disease.

Answer 3

Iatrogenic

Question 4

A factor that increases the risk of getting of a particular type of cancer

Answer 4

Predisposing Factors-

Ex: Sun Exposure- skin cancer, Smoking cigarettes- lung cancer, Increased age- prostate

Question 5

Develops very quickly- indicates a short-term illness

Answer 5

Acute

Question 6

Develops gradually, persists for a long time, causes more permanent tissue damage.

Answer 6

Chronic

Question 7

“Silent” stage. No clinical signs are evident

Answer 7

Latent Period

Question 8

Period between exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms. This period varies with different diseases (days, weeks). The person can infect others during this time.

Answer 8

Incubation Period

Question 9

Vague, non-specific symptoms present themselves ex: headache, fatigue, loss of appetite.

Answer 9

Prodromal Period

Question 10

Signs and symptoms

Answer 10

Manifestations

Question 11

Objective indicators of the disease, can been detected by others,
Ex: fever-can be measured, skin rash can be seen

Answer 11

Signs

Question 12

Subjective feelings, can only be experienced by the sick person
Ex: pain, nausea

Answer 12

Symptoms

Question 13

A term used to describe a specific local change in tissue

Answer 13

Lesion

Question 14

Manifestations of the disease subside

Answer 14

Remission

Question 15

Signs increase

Answer 15

Exacerbation

Question 16

A condition that triggers an acute episode

Answer 16

Precipitating factor

Question 17

New condition or secondary problems that arise after the original disease begins

Answer 17

Complications

Question 18

Treatment measures used to promote recovery or slow the progression of a disease.
Ex: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

Answer 18

Therapies

Question 19

The probability or the likelihood for a recovery of the disease.

Answer 19

Prognosis

Question 20

In radiation therapy, often refers to the functional impairment that certain conditions cause. Can also mean the disease rates within a group. (has more than one meaning)

Answer 20

Morbidity

Question 21

Relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease.

Answer 21

Mortality

Question 22

The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Answer 22

Epidemiology

Question 23

The occurrence of a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given world

Answer 23

Epidemics

Question 24

The occurrence of a higher than expected number of cases of an infection disease in many regions of the world

Answer 24

Pandemics

Question 25

The tracking of two factors.... incidence and prevalence

Answer 25

Occurrence

Question 26

Number of new cases given in a population within a stated time period

Answer 26

Incidence

Question 27

Number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population and time period

Answer 27

Prevalence

Question 28

Infections that can be spread from one person to another. Some of these must be reported to the health authorities

Answer 28

Communicable diseases

Question 29

Diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities. The purpose of the required reporting is to prevent further spread of the disease and maintain public health.

Answer 29

Notifiable or reportable diseases | Ex: link provided on answer key

Question 30

A decrease in the size of cells resulting in a decreased tissue mass.

Answer 30

Atrophy | Ex: shrinkage of skeleton muscle that occurs when a limb is immobilized

Question 31

Increase in the size of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

Answer 31

Hypertrophy Ex: muscle gets larger as a result of weight lifting, when a kidney is removed the other kidney grows bigger to support the loss.

Question 32

An increase in the number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

Answer 32

Hyperplasia | Ex: partial liver transplant, the liver regenerates, cells increase in number

Question 33

When one mature cells type replaces another

Answer 33

Metaplasia Ex: heavy smoker, columnar epithelium that usually lines the respiratory tract is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 34

Describes tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased. Can result from chronic infections or may be precancerous

Answer 34

Dysplasia

Question 35

Cells that are undifferentiated; characteristics of cancer

Answer 35

Anaplasia

Question 36

New growth. Can be cancerous (malignant) or benign (non cancerous)

Answer 36

Neoplasia

Question 37

Without Oxygen

Answer 37

Anaerobic

Question 38

Relating to or originating from external factors | Ex: the environment, or outside an organism

Answer 38

Exogenous

Question 39

Relating to originating from inside the body

Answer 39

Endogenous

Question 40

Programmed cell death | our body cells are killed after their life span is over

Answer 40

Apoptosis | Ex: red blood cells life span is about 120 days

Question 41

Not cancerous

Answer 41

Benign

Question 42

Cancerous

Answer 42

Malignant

Question 43

A decrease supply of oxygenated blood to tissue or organ due to circulatory obstruction

Answer 43

Ischemia

Question 44

The term applied to an area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen.

Answer 44

Infarction | Ex: myocardial infarction

Question 45

The termed used when a group of cells die

Answer 45

Necrosis

Question 46

Refers to the collection of interstitial fluid formed in the inflamed area.

Answer 46

Exudate

Question 47

Watery exudate consisting primarily of small amounts of protein and white blood cells

Answer 47

Serous

Question 48

An increase in white blood cells

Answer 48

Leukocytosis

Question 49

Fever

Answer 49

Pyrexia

Question 50

Loss of appetite

Answer 50

Anorexia

Question 51

Feeling unwell

Answer 51

Malaise

Question 52

A protein that is the basic component of scar tissue and provides strength for new repair

Answer 52

Collagen

Question 53

Development of new blood vessels

Answer 53

Angiogenesis

Question 54

Bands of scar tissue joining two surfaces that are normally separated

Answer 54

Adhesions Ex: adhesion between loops of intestine or between the pleural membranes. May be caused by inflammation or infection and can prevent normal movement of the structures and may eventually cause distortion or twisting of the tissue

Question 55

An overgrowth of fibrous tissue consisting of excessive collagen deposits leading to hard ridges of scar tissue or keloids

Answer 55

Hypertrophic Scar Tissue

Question 56

The percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

Answer 56

Hematocrit

Question 57

Erosion through the wall of viscera

Answer 57

Perforation