Chapter 10-12 - Nervous

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

• Brain : Landmarks
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain Stem
• Diencephalon
• Linbic

Question 2

Brain

Answer 2

1. Gyrus (gyris)
2. Sulcus (sulci)
3. Fissure
4. Hemispheres

Question 3

Gyrus (gyris)

Answer 3

Bumps

Question 4

Sulcus (sulci)

Answer 4

Grooves

Question 5

Fissure

Answer 5

Deep grooves

Question 6

Hemispheres

Answer 6

2 sides ; connected internally at corpus collosum separated by the Longitudinal Fissure.

Question 7

Cerebrum

Answer 7

• Largest part of brain
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal

Question 8

Frontal

Answer 8

• Output lobe (motor)
  a. personality
  b. morals and othics
  c. ability to form words
  d. skeletal muscle control
  e. Precentral gyrus

Question 9

Precentral gyrus

Answer 9

Site of motor control

Question 10

Parietal

Answer 10

• Input / sensory
  a. “hard drive” of computer
  1. short term memory (temporary)
  2. Long term memory - with more memories
  because permanent

Question 11

Occipital

Answer 11

• Sight and vision
  a. sight in 3 dimension
  b. judging distance
  c. can not determine true / false visually

Question 12

Cerebellum

Answer 12

1. Coordinating voluntary muscle activity

2. Balance

Question 13

Brain Stem

Answer 13

• 3 parts ; relay station
  
  1. Mid-brain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata

Question 14

Mid-Brian

Answer 14

relay for visual

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

“Pooch” ; relaying for breathing

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

extend down through foreman magnum to C2

Question 17

vital Functions

Answer 17

Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallow, and vomiting.

Question 18

Diencephalon

Answer 18

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
   a. pituitary

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

Relay for sensory input

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

Control for autonomic reaction ; regulate body temperature, water balance, thirst, appetite, sexual response, emotional

Question 21

Pituitary

Answer 21

Gland, master endocrine gland, stimulated by hypothalamus

Question 22

Limbic

Answer 22

• Emotional
  
  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala

Question 23

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

Answer 23

• CSF
  
  • Pumped by ventricles to oxygenate and remove waste
  • Contains H2O, glucose, Na+, CI-
  • Makes 500 ml every 24 hrs.
  • Blockage causes accumulation of fluid that puts pressure on brain

Question 24

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 24

Glial celis prevent harmful chemicals and blood from entering CSF and CNS

Question 25

Alcohol

Answer 25

Is the toxic substance that can cross Blood Brain Barrier

Question 26

Peripheral Nervoues System

Answer 26

- PNS a. Neuralgia b. Neurons - Functions 1. Dendrite 2. Cell body 3. Hillock 4. Axon 5. Axon Terminal 6. Synaps

Question 27

Neuralgia

Answer 27

- Nerve glue * support, protect, insulate, and nourish neurons * found in CNS but do not conduct nerve impulses

Question 28

Neurons

Answer 28

Transmit electrical signals in PNS

Question 29

The Three Parts of Neurons

Answer 29

1. Cell body 2. Dendrites 3. Axon

Question 30

Dendrites

Answer 30

Receives messages or stimuli

Question 31

Cell Body

Answer 31

- Organelles * makes neurotransmitter a. Ach - acetychioline ; muscles b. Dopamine c. Seration d. Melatanin e. Epinephrine f. Nor epinephrine g. others - GARA

Question 32

Hillock

Answer 32

- Speed bump | * Stimulus must be strong enough to get past this point.

Question 33

Axon

Answer 33

Carries message away from cell body

Question 34

Axon Terminal

Answer 34

Releases neurotransmitters

Question 35

Synapse

Answer 35

Gap between axon terminal and dendrite

Question 36

PNS Rules

Answer 36

1. Nerves always found in PNS 2. Sensory nerves always go to central nervous system (afferent) 3. Sensory nerves always have a cell body (ganglion) 4. Sensory nerves always enter the dorsal horn 5. 31 pairs of spinal nerve 6. 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 37

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 37

- Sympathetic | - Para sympathetic

Question 38

Sympathetic

Answer 38

- Fight or Flight ; stress 1. Heart rate : increase 2. Airflow : increase 3. Pupils :dilate 4. Blood vessels : dilate 5. Sweat glands : increase 6. Intestines : slow down 7. Adrenaline : increase ; epinephrine and norpinephrine 8. salivary : Thick 9. Urinary : Relax muscle, constrict sphincter

Question 39

Para Sympathetic

Answer 39

- Feed and Breed ; relax 1. Heart rate : decreases 2. Airflow : decreases 3. Pupils : normal 4. Blood vessels : normal 5. Sweet glands : normal 6. Intestines : increases 7. Adrenaline : normal 8. Salivary : watery 9. Urinary : contract ; sphincter open

Question 40

Cranial Nerve

Answer 40

1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Troclear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibulocochiear 9. Glossopharysal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossal

Question 41

1. Olfactory

Answer 41

- Smell | - Sensory

Question 42

2. Optic

Answer 42

- Vision | - Sensory

Question 43

3. Oculomotor

Answer 43

- Eye movement | - Motor

Question 44

4. Troclear

Answer 44

- Roll your eyes up | - Motor

Question 45

5. Trigeminal

Answer 45

- 3 parts of face - Chewing - Both

Question 46

6. Abducens

Answer 46

- Move one eye at a time | - Motor

Question 47

7. Facial

Answer 47

- 5 parts of face - Sensation - Both

Question 48

8. Vestibulocochiear

Answer 48

- Hearing and Balance | - Sensory

Question 49

9. Glossopharysal

Answer 49

- Tongue and throat - Choking, gag reflex - Both

Question 50

10. Vagus

Answer 50

- Contust vital organs | - Both

Question 51

11. Accessory

Answer 51

- Swallowing / neck and shoulder movement | - Motor

Question 52

12. Hypoglossal

Answer 52

- Below tongue - Stick your tongue out - Motor