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Biomed > Chapter 8 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Hematopoisis
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2
Q

Support

A

Framework

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3
Q

Protection

A

Ribs (lungs and heart)

Skull (brain)

Vertebrae (spinal cords)

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4
Q

Movement

A

Muscles pull the bones

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5
Q

Mineral storage

A

Calcium is the most abundant

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6
Q

Hematopoiesis

A
  • Red marrow - stem cells

* Platelets

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7
Q

Red marrow - stem cells

A

Convert to RBC or WBC

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8
Q

Platelets

A

Red marrow in spongy bone and marrow of long bone of childern

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9
Q

Classification

A
  • Spongy bone
  • Compact
  • Growth
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10
Q

Spongy

A

Strong

Has little structures
“Holes” and angles in it

•Supports weight but doesn’t weigh a lot 
•Made of 
   ~Trabecular 
   ~Red marrow 
   ~Lacunae and canal oculi openings
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11
Q

Trabecular

A

Bridges and strats

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12
Q

Spongy bone

~~Red marrow

A

Stem cells; make blood

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

strong bone openings

•Can remodel/head itself 
•Haversion system 
     〰Lamella 
     〰Osteocytes 
     〰Lacunae
     〰Canaliculi 
     〰Haversion
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14
Q

Lamella

A

Ring of cells

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15
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

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16
Q

Lacunae

A
  • Little lakes

- where osteocytes live

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17
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that carry nutrients to lacunae

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18
Q

Haversion

A
  • Central canal

- Carries blood vessels and nerves to lamella

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19
Q

Growth

A

-Inflamed by growth hormones and sex hormones
•over secretion ; gianlism
•under secretion ; dwarfism
(influenced some by genetics)
•injury - cause growth plates to fuse early ; stop
growth

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20
Q

Bone Shapes

A
  • Short bones
  • Long bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
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21
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Cube shaped
  • Wrist and ankles
  • Compact outer, spongy inner
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22
Q

Long Bones

A 
-Arms, legs, fingers 
   •epiphysis
   •diaphsis
   •Cartilage 
   •Blood vessels
   •Marrow
   •Periosteum
   •Endometrium
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23
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of long bones

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24
Q

Diaphsis

A

Shaft of long bones

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25
Cartilage
- Articular, joins the bones to another surface | - Hyline : protects from rubbing, wears bone down (prevents)
26
Blood Vessels
very vascular
27
Marrow
- Red Marrow | - Yellow marrow
28
Marrow | 〰Red marrow
- Stems cells, | - makes RBC, WBC, and platelets
29
Yellow Marrow
fat
30
Peritoneum
Dense irregular tissue on the outside of bone
31
Endostrium
Lines the inside of the bone | (medulla cavity)
32
Flat
- Skull, sternum, scapulae, ribs | - Compact outer layer and spongy inner layer
33
Irregular
- Face, vertebrae, hip bones | - Compact outer and spongy inner
34
Regions, Names, and Markings
``` -Two main Regions •Axial •Appendicular -Markings •Bumps •Fossa •Foramen ```
35
Axial
Skull, vertebra, ribs, sternum
36
Bumps
-Structures where tendons attach •Tuberosity/tubericle •Condyle •Epiendyle •Trochanter •Head •Facet •Process •Spine
37
Tuberosity/tubericle
Knob-like projections that are smooth and round
38
Condyle
A large rounded knob that articulates with another bone
39
Epienyle
An enlargement near and above a condyle
40
Trochanter
Large tubercle or tuberosity found on the femur
41
Head
An large rounded endocbone
42
Facet
A small flattered surface
43
Process
A promirent projection
44
Spine
A sharp projection
45
Fossa
Shallow smooth flat surface for a fan shaped muscle to attach to depression or groove
46
Foramen
Hole, usually serve as passageway
47
Vertebral Column
- Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar - Sacrum - Coccyx
48
Cervical
(7) - Atlas C1 - Axis C2
49
Atlas
Holds up head, allows you to nod your head
50
Axis
Allows you to rotate your head
51
Thoracic
(12) | -Attach to rib
52
Lumbar
(5) | -Supports weight
53
Coccyx
Tail bone
54
Thoracic cage
- Sternum | - Rib Cage
55
Sternum
Protect heart ❤ •Manubrium •Body •Xyphoid process
56
Manubrium
Where clavicle attaches (sternum)
57
Body
Blade (sternum)
58
Xyphoid process
Tip of the sternum
59
Rib Cage
``` Protect lungs •True Ribs •False Ribs •Floating Ribs •Costal Cartilage •Intercostal space ```
60
True Ribs
Attach rib directly to sternum (7)
61
False Ribs
Attach rib to cartilage bridge (8-10)
62
Floating Ribs
Don't attach rib to front (11-12)
63
Costal Cartilage
Connect ribs to sternum
64
Intercostal space
Space between ribs
65
Skull
- Cranium | - Facial Bones
66
Cranium
- Frontal - Parietal - Temporal - Occipital - Sphenoid - Ethmoid
67
Frontal
Forehead
68
Parietal
(2) | -Upper sides
69
Temporal
``` (2) -Sides close to ears •Mastoid process •Zygomatic process •Styloid process •Auditory mealus ```
70
Auditory mealus
Ear opening
71
Occipital
Back •Foreman magnum •Condyles
72
Foreman Magnum
For spinal cord (occipital)
73
Condyles
- Bumps around foreman | - Sits on top C1
74
Sphenoid
Butterfly shape
75
Ethmoid
Between eye orbit and supports nasal cavity
76
Facial Bones
- Mandible - Maxilla - Zygomatic bones
77
Mandible
-Lower jaw -Single bone •TMJ •Mental Foreman
78
TMJ
Temporal mandibular joint
79
Mental Foreman
Hole for blood vessels and nerves
80
Maxilla
- Upper jaw - Connects in middle - Forms palate
81
Zygomatic bones
- Cheek bone | - Form orbit of eye
82
Clavicle
Collarbone | •Most commonly broken bone
83
Scapula
``` Shoulder blade •Spinous process \ •Supra spinous fossa > Dorsal •Infraspinous fossa / •Caracoid process •Acromoin process •Glenoid cavity •Subscapular ```
84
Spinous process
Spine
85
Supra spinous fossa
Flat part above spine
86
Infraspinous fossa
Flat part below spine
87
Caracoi process
Points down
88
Acromoin process
- Curves around to front | - Articulates with clavicle
89
Glenoid cavity
Forms socket for humerus
90
Subscapular fossa
Underside of scapula "hidden" | (touches ribs)
91
Humerus
``` Funny bone •Head •Greater tuberosity •Lesser tuberosity •Intertuberele groove •Deltoid tuberosity •Radial groove •Medial and lateral epidondyles •Olecranon fossa ```
92
Humerus Head
Round balls at top
93
Greater tuberosity
Big bump (humerus)
94
Lesser tuberosity
Smaller bump (humerus)
95
Intertuberele groove
- Groove between tuberositie | - Where bicep tendon attaches
96
Deltoid tubersoity
Where deltoid muscle attaches
97
Radial groove
Radial nerve space back side of bone (humerus)
98
Olecranon fossa
Part where elbow bends
99
Ulna
Olecranon process
100
Olecranon process
Elbow
101
Radius
- Radial Head - Radial tuberosity - Styloid process of the radius - Ulnar notch
102
Radial Head
Flat round top | -Rotates and connects thumb side
103
Radial Tuberosity
Bump by the radial head
104
Styloid process of the radius
- Pointy bottom | - Doesn't connect to ulna
105
Ulnar Notch
Where the ulna attaches
106
Hand
- Carpals - Metacarpals - Phalanges
107
Carpals
Wrist (8)
108
Metacarpals
Palm (5)
109
Phalanges
Digits (14) - Distal, middle, proximal - Pollex
110
Pollex
Tip of the thumb
111
Pelvic Girdle
Gut bucket | -Coxal bone
112
Coxal Bone
Hip bone - Ilium - Pubis - Ishium - Acetabulum - Sacrum - Coccyx
113
Ilium
Wing top of hip bone
114
Pubis
Front lower portion - come together at pubis symphysis - Pubis symphysis
115
Ishium
Circle, points downward - What you sit on - 2 holes : orbturator foreman
116
Acetabulum
Socket for femur
117
Femur
Strongest bone ; weight bearing - Head and neck - Greater trochanter - Lesser trochanter - Gluteal tuberosity - Medial and lateral condyles - Intercondyle notch - Linea aspeia
118
Greater Trochanter
"king" Top
119
Lesser Trochanter
"Queen" Below greater trochanter
120
Medial and Lateral condyles
Bottom bumps
121
Linea aspeia
Spiny ridge on back of femur
122
Tibia
``` Thick Inner Bone -Weight bearing •Tibral Plateau •Tibial Tuberosity •Anterior Crest •Medial malleolus •Lateral malleolus ```
123
Medial malleulos
Bottom, longer point
124
Lateral malleulos
Bottom, shorter point | -Connects to fibula
125
Fibula
Long skinny outer bone - non-weight bearing - Muscle attachment - Lateral malleolas
126
lateral malleolas
Pointy side on bottom
127
Patella
kneecap
128
Foot
- Tarsals - Metatarsals - Phalanges
129
Tarsals
Ankle (7)
130
Metatarsals
Body of foot (5)
131
Phalanges
Digits/Toes

Biomed (8 decks)

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