chapter 9 - Muscular System Flashcards
1
Q
Function
A
Movement (bone)
2
Q
Types
A
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
3
Q
Smooth
A
- Not Striated (not stripped)
- involuntary
> automatic nervous system controls it - Strong and long contractions
> Contract in spiral or corkscrew
> Keeps things moving (food, air, blood)
4
Q
Cardiac
A
- Striated
- involuntary
- Most important organ (heart)
- nerves con speed up or down
- Conducting system
- Damaged cells can’t regenerate
5
Q
Conducting system
A
Heart cells contract as a unit
6
Q
Skeleletal
A
- Striated
- voluntary
- Moves skeleton
- Maintains pasture and stabilize joints
- Made of sacromeres
- Produce most of heat in body
- Limited capacity
7
Q
Muscle Rules
A
- Muscles must have at least 2 attachments and cross at least one joint
- except face and pelvis
- Muscles ALWAYS pull together
- Contract and relax
- Origin (original position)
- Insertion
- Muscle fibers (striations) always point to attachment
8
Q
Origin
A
- Anchors the muscle
- Usually proximal
9
Q
Insertion
A
- Moves the bone
- Usually distal
10
Q
Z-Line
A
Actin filaments anchor
11
Q
A - Band
A
length of the myosin
12
Q
I - Band
A
Space between myosin
13
Q
H - Zone
A
Space between actin
14
Q
Contracted muscle
A
- Calcium ions flood sacromere
- myosin heads stand up, grab H-xone and I-zone get
smaller
- myosin heads stand up, grab H-xone and I-zone get
15
Q
To relax muscle
A
Calcium ions moves out of sacromere with help from ATP, ATP relaxes myosin
16
Q
Movement of Muscles
A
- Flexor
- Extensor
- Muscles work in opposing pairs
> Primary mover
> Antagonist - Striation patterns and strength
1. Big end if Origin
2. Greater force
3. rule of 4 F’s
4. Hypertrophy
5. Atrophy
17
Q
Flexor
A
Ventral to ventral
18
Q
Extensor
A
Dorsal to Dorsal
19
Q
Primary Mover
A
Muscles that is pulling (protagonist)
20
Q
Antagonist
A
relaxed when primary is contracted
21
Q
Rule of 4 F’s
A
- Fan shaped
- Fossa
- Force
- Fleshy
22
Q
Fossa
A
Flat surface
23
Q
Force
A
Increases
24
Q
Fleshy
A
Attachments at big end and tendon at smaller end
25
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle size by over use
26
Atrophy
Muscles get smaller from not being used (like being in a case)
27
Naming Muscles
- Size
- Shape
- Number of Origins
- Origin and Insertion
- Action
- Types of Movement
28
Vastus
Huge
29
Maximus
Large (major)
30
Minimums
Small (minor)
31
Brevis
Short
32
Longus
Long
33
Deltiod
Triangle
34
Lattisimus
Wide
35
Trapezious
Trapezoid
36
Rhomboid
Rhombus
37
Teres
Round
38
Biceps
2
39
Triceps
3
40
Quadriceps
4
41
Origin and Insertion
1. First part of name = origin
2. Second part of name = Insertion
_Example - Sternocieidmastiod_
^ ^
Origin = Sternum Insertion = mastoid
42
Abductor
Move away from center
43
Adduction
Towards the center
44
Flexion
Ventral to Ventral
| - Decreasing angle
45
Extension
Dorsal to Dorsal
| - Increase angle
46
Planter Flexion
Point your toe
47
Dorsi Flexion
Flexing your foot ; raise toe
48
Hyper Extension
Over extension ; past straight point
49
Inversion
Turn inward
50
Eversion
Turn out ward
51
Supinotion
Palms face up ; pinky toe
52
Promotion
Palms face down ; big toe
53
Circumduction
Circular motion
