Chapter 4 - Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions to use raw materials in your body

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Break down

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Building up

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Sugars and starches

C O H - elements in carbs

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

Simplest form

1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose
4. Deoxyribed
5. Ribose

Question 6

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Answer 6

Hexagon

6 carbon sugars

Question 7

Deoxyribes

Ribose

Answer 7

Pentagon

5 carbon sugar

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

Most important energy source

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

Double sugar

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

Question 10

Sucrose

Answer 10

Glucose and fructose

Question 11

Maltose

Answer 11

Glucose and glucose

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

Glucose and Galactose

Question 13

Dehydration

Answer 13

Joining molecules together

You lose an H2O molecule

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

To separate disaccharides you add water

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

Multiple glucose (more than 2)

Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

Liver and muscles

Animal source

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Fiber

Plant cell-wall

Question 18

Uses of glucose

Answer 18

Burned as fuel for energy (ATP)

Store for later use as glycogen

Excess sugar converted to lipids that can be stored, can be used later..

Question 19

Catabolism

Answer 19

Breakdown glucose

Question 20

Anaerobic

Answer 20

Without oxygen glycolysis

-> 2 ATP -> lactic acidosis

Question 21

Aerobic

Answer 21

With oxygen glucose and oxygen

-> 32-38 ATP -> CO2

Question 22

Lipids

Answer 22

Fats and oils

CHO (Fewer oxygen)

Question 23

Fats

Answer 23

Solid at room temperature

Question 24

Oils

Answer 24

Liquid at room temperature

Question 25

Triglycerides

Answer 25

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails

Question 26

Saturated

Answer 26

Maximum # of Hydrogens -Solid (typically)

Question 27

Unsaturated

Answer 27

Double carbon bonds -liquid (typically)

Question 28

Phospholipid

Answer 28

Cell membrane

Question 29

Steroid

Answer 29

Cholesterol HDL - High Density Lipoprotein LDL - Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 30

Cholesterols

Answer 30

Most common steroid Made in liver (from fatty acids) “can be used to make other steroids”

Question 31

HDL High Density Lipoprotein

Answer 31

“Good cholesterol” helps remove other cholesterol from your blood More protein than lipid

Question 32

LDL Low Density Lipoprotein

Answer 32

“Bad cholesterol” account for 60-70 % of cholesterol n blood

Question 33

Proteins

Answer 33

Most abundant organic molecule in your body * muscle * gates in cell membrane * hemoglobin * enzymes * antibodies

Question 34

Amino Acids

Answer 34

Building blocks of all proteins

Question 35

Peptide bonds

Answer 35

Lose a H2O molecule -polypeptide bonds •Straight •bend •twist •shape depends on amino acids coded by DNA (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic)

Question 36

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 36

Body can’t produce these Consume in your diet

Question 37

Nonessential Amino Acids

Answer 37

Liver makes these Do not have to consume

Question 38

Nitrogen

Answer 38

Needs special care

Question 39

Urea

Answer 39

Liver takes most of nitrogen and converts it into it Goes to the kidney, then it filters it out and then adds H2O making urine Ammon (NH3) harmful to body

Question 40

Nuctecic Acids

Answer 40

Protein synthesis and DNA

Question 41

DNA

Answer 41

Deoxyribonucleic acid Blue print for making proteins A- Adenine \ T- Thymine / C- Cytosine \ G- Guanine /

Question 42

RNA

Answer 42

Ribonucleic Acid A- Adenine \ U- Uracil / C- Cytosine \ G- Guanine / Ribose 5 carbon sugar phosphate group single

Question 43

Steps from DNA to Protein

Answer 43

DNA -> m RNA -> t RNA -> Amid Acid chain begins linking to form polypeptide -> protein begins folding -> Releases (RNA) from ribosomes to repeat

Question 44

Steps from DNA to Protein DNA

Answer 44

Master code

Question 45

Steps from DNA to Protein m RNA

Answer 45

Messenger RNA, transeriloes DNA (in nucleus) Travels into cytoplasm and finds a ribosomes

Question 46

Steps from DNA to Protein t RNA

Answer 46

Transfer RNA, translate Amino Acid sequence