Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anti cancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dura mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glial cell

A

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus;controls sleep, appetite,body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meninges

A

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sympathetic nerves

A

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thalamus

A

Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thamalus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vargas nerve

A

Tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X); its branch reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus and stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gli/o

A

Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mening/o

Meningi/o

A

Membranes, meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ganglion/o

A

Ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pont/o

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Radicul/o
Nerve root (of spinal nerves)
26
Thalam/o
Thalamus
27
Thec/o
Sheaths (refers to meninges)
28
Vag/o
Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
29
Alges/o -algesia
Excessive sensitivity to pain
30
-algia
Pain
31
Caus/o
Burning
32
Comat/o
Deep sleep
33
Esthesi/o -esthesia
Feeling, nervous sensation
34
``` Kines/o Kinesi/o -kinesia -kinesis -kinetic ```
Movement
35
-lepsy
Seizure
36
Lex/o
Word, phase
37
-paresis
Weakness, slight paralysis
38
-phasia
Speech
39
-plegia
Paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)
40
-praxia
Action
41
-sthenia
Strength
42
Syncop/o
To cut off, cut short
43
Tax/o
Order, coordination
44
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain.
45
Spina bifida
Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect).
46
Spina bifida occulta
The vertebral defect is covered over with skin and evident only on x-ay or other imaging examinations.
47
Spina bifida cystica
A more serve form, with cyst-like protrusions.
48
Spina bifida cystica with myelomeningocele
External sac contains meninges, CSF and the spinal cord.
49
Alzheimer disease (AD)
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning.
50
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem.
51
Epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.
52
Seizures
Abnormal, sudden discharges by electrical activity within the brain.
53
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.
54
Palsy
Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function).
55
Cerebral Palsy
Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen (hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period.
56
Bell Palsy
Paralysis on one side of the face.
57
Parkinson’s disease
Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles and slowness of movement.
58
Palliative
Relieving symptoms but not curative.
59
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves.
60
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
61
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS.
62
Brain tumor
Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges.
63
Cerebral concussion
Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head. (Usually clears within 24 hours).
64
Cerebral contusion
Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head. (Persists longer than 24 hours)
65
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.
66
Thrombotic
Blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain.
67
Embolic
An embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occluded a small vessel. This type of stroke occurs very suddenly.
68
Hemorrhagic
A small blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs.
69
Migraine
Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache.
70
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells.
71
Electroencephalgram
Recording of the electrical activity of the brain.
72
Lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis.
73
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.
74
Gamma knife
(High-energy radiation beam) is used to treat deep and often inaccessible intracranial brain tumors and abnormal blood vessel masses without surgical incision.
75
AD
Alzheimer disease
76
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
77
CNS
Central nervous system
78
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
79
CT
Computed tomography
80
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
81
EEG
Electroencephalogram
82
LP
Lumbar puncture
83
MRA
Magnetic resonance angiography
84
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
85
MS
Multiple sclerosis
86
PET
Positron emission tomography
87
TENS
Transient ischemic attack
88
- tPA
Tissue plasminogen activator

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions