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Medical Terminology > Chapter 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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2
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Located at the base of the brain in sella turcica;composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyphysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

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3
Q

Androgen

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.

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4
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

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5
Q

Estrogen

A

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex.

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6
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

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7
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

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8
Q

Testosterone

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

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9
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells.

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10
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.

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11
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex.

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

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13
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormone that affect the pituitary gland.

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15
Q

Receptor

A

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

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16
Q

Steroid

A

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made.

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17
Q

Target tissue

A

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulates by specific hormones.

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18
Q

Ster/o

A

Solid

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19
Q

-ol

A

Oil

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20
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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21
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Adrenal gland

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22
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex glands (ovaries and testes)

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23
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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24
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

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25
Pituitar/o
Pituitary gland; hypophyis
26
Thyr/o Thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
27
Andr/o
Male
28
Calc/o Calci/o
Calcium
29
-tropin
To act on
30
Cortic/o
Cortex, outer region
31
Crin/o
Secreted
32
Dips/o
Thirst
33
Estr/o
Female
34
Gluc/o Glyc/o
Sugar
35
Poly-
Many or increase
36
-agon
To assemble or gather together
37
Home/o
Sameness
38
-stasis
Controlling
39
Hormon/o
Hormone
40
Kal/i
Potassium
41
Lact/o
Milk
42
-in
Substance
43
Myx/o
Mucus
44
Natr/o
Sodium
45
-ectomy
Removal; excision; resection
46
-edema
Swelling
47
Phys/o
Growing
48
Somat/o
Body
49
Ster/o
Solid structure
50
Toc/o
Childbirth
51
Oxy-
Rapid, sharp or acute
52
Toxic/o Tox/o
Poison
53
Ur/o
Urine
54
-emia
A blood condition of..
55
- in | - ine
Substance
56
-tropin
Stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)
57
-uria
Urine condition
58
Eu-
Good, normal
59
Pan-
All
60
Tetra-
Four
61
Tri-
Three
62
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
63
Hyperthyroidism
Overactivity o the thyroid gland;thyrotoxicosis
64
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of the eyeballs or proptosis, occurs as a result of swelling of tissue behind the eyeball, pushing it forward.
65
Hypothyroidism
Under-activity of the thyroid gland.
66
Myxedema
Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood.
67
Cretinism
Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to a lack of normal physical and mental growth.
68
Hyperparathyroidism
Excessive production of parathormone.
69
Hypoparathyroidism
Deficient production of parathyroid hormone.
70
Cushing syndrome
Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
71
Addison disease
Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex.
72
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.
73
Type1 diabets
Autoimmune disease
74
Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance.
75
Ketoacidosis
Fats are improperly burned, leading to an accumulation of ketones and acids in the body.
76
Acromegaly
Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities.
77
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
78
Insipidus
Means tasteless, reflecting the condition of dilute urine.
79
Mellitus
Means sweet or like honey, reflecting the sugar content of urine.
80
Fast in plasma glucose (FPG)
Also known as fasting blood sugar test. Measures circulation glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours.
81
Serum and urine tests
Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function.
82
Thyroid function tests
Measurement of T3, T4 and T-SHIRT in the bloodstream
83
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
84
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
85
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
86
DI
Diabetes insipidus
87
DM
Diabetes mellitus
88
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
89
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
90
RIA
Radioimmunoassay
91
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Medical Terminology (24 decks)

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