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Physiology > Chapter 10: Central Nervous System, Spinal & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Central Nervous System, Spinal & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

A cluster of sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Posterior root ganglion

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1
Q

A simple, fast, predictable automatic response to help protect the body

A

Reflex arc

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2
Q

Bones of the spine that enclose and protect the spinal cord

A

Vertebrae

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3
Q

In a reflex arc, the muscle or gland that responds with an action

A

Effector

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4
Q

A group of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves that branch off the lower end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

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5
Q

The innermost layer of the meninges that is attached to the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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6
Q

Structure that responds to some environmental change and initiates a sensory impulse

A

Receptor

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7
Q

Opening that runs lengthwise through the spinal cord; CSF circulates through it

A

Central canal

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8
Q

Lymphatic fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and dura mater

A

Subdural space

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9
Q

Reflex arc structure that transmits the impulse to a muscle or gland

A

Motor neuron

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10
Q

At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is

A

Presynaptic

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11
Q

This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

The synaptic cleft is the space that a ________ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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13
Q

Name characteristics that would increases the speed of nerve transmission

A
  1. ) Warmer temperature
  2. ) Larger diameter
  3. ) Has myelin
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14
Q

The body’s natural painkiller is

A

Endorphins

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15
Q

A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods is

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

Sacs in which the neurotransmitter is stored

A

Synaptic vessicle

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17
Q

Substances used for communications at chemical synapses

A

Neurotransmitter

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18
Q

A neurotransmitter must cross the ______ to initiate an impulse in a postsynaptic neuron

A

Synaptic cleft

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19
Q

MS is more common in

A

Women

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20
Q

Membrane where inner and outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charge

A

Depolarized

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21
Q

Membrane where inner an outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge

A

Polarized

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22
Q

Time during which a neuron can’t be stimulated to initiate an impulse

A

Refractory period

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23
Q

Ions found in high concentration inside the plasma membrane

A

K+

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24
Ions found in high concentration outside the plasma membrane
Na+
25
The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane
Resting potential (-70mV)
26
The mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to greater concentration
Sodium pump
27
Matter within the spinal cord shaped like the letter "H"
Gray matter
28
Fat-filled space between the vertebrae and dura mater
Epidural space
29
Reflex arc structure that passes the impulse from the receptor to the CNS
Sensory neuron
30
Part of the spinal nerve containing sensory nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the spinal cord
Posterior root
31
Part of the spinal nerve containing motor neurons carrying impulses away from the spinal cord
Anterior root
32
Tough outermost layer of the meninges
Dura mater
33
Space between the arachnoid and pia mater; contains CSF
Subarachnoid space
34
Filament that anchors the inferior portion of the spinal cord
Filum terminale
35
Region in the CNS that connects the sensory and motor portions of the reflex arc
Integrating center
36
Cone-shaped tip of the spinal cord
Conus medullaris
37
Three connective tissue membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
38
Tracts of white matter that run up and down the spinal cord
Columns
39
Cobweb-like middle layer of the meninges
Arachnoid
40
Area in the precentral gryus of the frontal lobe, controls specific muscles or groups of muscles
Primary motor area
41
Area in the occipital lobe, permits vision
Primary visual area
42
Area in the temporal lobe, permits hearing
Primary auditory area
43
Cerebral area that controls smell
Primary olfactory
44
Area in the frontal lobe, translates thoughts into speech
Broca's speech area
45
Postcentral gyrus area, receives sensations of pain, touch, pressure, and temperature
Primary somatosensory area
46
Cerebral area that integrates general and special sensations to form a common thought
Common integrative
47
The color of cerebrospinal fluid
Clear, colorless
48
The entire nervous system contains between 1/3-2/3 cup of CSF or about _____ mL
80-150 mL
49
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid
1. ) shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord 2. ) contains white blood cells 3. ) contains nutrients
50
Cranial Nerve X: main nerve of parasympathetic nervous system; senses and controls internal organs
Vagus
51
Cranial Nerve I: Sense of smell
Olfactory
52
Cranial Nerve XII: proprioception and tongue movement
Hypoglossal
53
Cranial Nerve IX: swallowing; taste; sensation from tongue
Glossopharynxgeal
54
Cranial Nerve V: chewing, facial sensation
Trigeminal
55
Cranial Nerve VI: proprioception and eyeball movement
Abducens
56
Cranial Nerve VII: taste and facial expressions
Facial
57
Cranial Nerve III: control of eyes lens and pupil
Oculomotor
58
Cranial Nerve VIII: hearing and equilibrium
Vestibulocochlear
59
Cranial Nerve IV: proprioception and eyeball movement
Trochlear
60
Cranial Nerve II: Vision
Optic
61
Cranial Nerve XI: swallowing, head and shoulder movement
Accessory
62
Relative to the human brain, the sheep brain is ____ overall, it's olfactory bulbs are ______, and it's cerebrum is _______.
Smaller, larger, smaller.
63
CSF is formed by _____ and secretion from blood in capillaries called ______; cells that form it are known as _____.
Filtration, choroid plexuses, ependymal cells.
64
Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus
Sensory and motor
65
Functions of the lambic system
1. ) pleasure, pain, anger, fear ect. 2. ) involuntary aspects of survival behavior 3. ) memory
66
Condition that results from an excessive accumulation of CSF within the ventricles
Hydrocephalus
67
Type of reflexes that the corpora quadrigemina is concerned with
Visual and auditory
68
At rest, the brain consumes about ____ percent of the body's total oxygen
20%
69
The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain
Pons
70
The medulla serves as a conduction pathway for all ascending and descending tracts. What type of impulses are transmitted by its white matter?
Motor and sensory
71
Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels
Cardiovascular
72
Movements of your left hand are initiated by motor neurons that originate in the ____ side of your cerebrum
Right
73
Brain cavities where cerebrospinal fluid circulates
Ventricles
74
Band of white matter that connects the two halves of the cerebrum
Carpus callosum
75
The part of your brain stimulated by your ringing alarm clock
Reticular activation system
76
The outer layer of the cerebrum
Cortex
77
Part of the brain that coordinates walking, balance, and the ability to speak understandably
Cerebellum
78
The outer layer of the cerebrum is composed of ___ matter
Gray
79
Ridges that make up the surface of the cerebrum
Gyri
80
Functions of the hypothalamus
1. ) smell 2. ) controls nervous system 3. ) controls pituitary gland 4. ) regulates emotion and food intake

Physiology (27 decks)

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