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Physiology > 2nd Semester Final > Flashcards

2nd Semester Final Flashcards

1
Q

List functions of the limbic system

A

Basic emotions; 1.) Pleasure, plain, anger, fear..

2.) involuntary aspects of survival

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2
Q

The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain

A

Pons

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3
Q

The medulla serves as a conduction pathway for all ascending and descending tracts. What type of impulses are transmitted by its white matter?

A

Motor and sensory

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4
Q

Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

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5
Q

Movement of your left hand is initiated by motor neurons that originate in the _______ side of your cerebrum.

A

Right

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6
Q

The outermost layer of the cerebrum

A

Cortex

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7
Q

The outermost layer of the cerebrum is composed of _______ matter

A

Gray

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8
Q

Name some functions of the hypothalamus

A
  1. ) smell
  2. ) Controls nervous system
  3. ) controls pituitary
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9
Q

What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs

A

Taste

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10
Q

Name the 5 primary taste sensations

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, Unami

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11
Q

What is lacking in the blind spot so it has no vision capability

A

Rods and cones

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12
Q

The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids

A

Conjunctiva

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13
Q

The process that adjusts the lens for near vision

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

The colored part of the eye

A

Iris

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15
Q

What receptors work to allow colored vision

A

3 kinds of cones

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16
Q

The equilibrium apparatus concerned with maintaining posture

A

Maculae of vestibule

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17
Q

The structure(s) for dynamic(motion) equilibrium

A

Semicircular canal

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18
Q

The ear structure that converts sound waves into vibrations

A

Tympanic membrane

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19
Q

A disorder caused by fusion of the bones of the middle ear

A

Conduction deafness

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20
Q

A constant ringing in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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21
Q

The structure that help equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane

A

Eustachian tube

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22
Q

Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus

A

Sensory and motor

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23
Q

Name some materials that blood carries

A

Oxygen
Water
Heat
Hormones

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24
Q

List 3 functions of the blood

A

Transportation
Protection
Regulation

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25
Blood is approximately what percent plasma
55%
26
Plasma is composed of about what percent water
91.5%
27
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells
Phagocytosis
28
About how many RBC's does the average person have per ml of blood
4.8 - 5.4 million
29
The blood type gene that is inherited as recessive
O
30
Universal donors have blood that is this type
O
31
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
32
The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this
Blood types
33
No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies
Anti-B
34
Venous blood (without oxygen) from the body returns to this chamber
Right atrium
35
Cardiac muscle is known as
Myocardium
36
Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart
Left ventricle
37
Explain the concentration of the chambers in the cardiac cycle
Atria contract Ventricle contract All relax
38
What causes heart murmurs
Improperly closing valves
39
The term describing heart chamber contraction is
Systole
40
Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____________ to the __________
Right atrium | Left ventricle
41
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Hepatic portal
42
When the left ventricle contracts what term is given to the pressure in the arteries that is generated
Systolic
43
Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues
Capillaries
44
Known as exchange vessels
Capillaries
45
The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by
Valves
46
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells
Transport
47
Venous blood returns to the heart due to _____ movements and skeletal muscular contraction
Breathing
48
Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to ___, then to _____.
Arteries Capillaries Veins
49
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure.
Systolic
50
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
51
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
52
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessels resistance.
Vessel length
53
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
54
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drain interstitial fluid, transport lipids from the gastro intestinal tract to the blood
55
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel
Subclavian vein
56
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph & Store lymphocytes
57
In general what vessel can we see through our skin
Veins
58
Where are damaged and worn out red blood cells destroyed
Spleen
59
The most important function of the large intestine
Absorb water
60
Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here
Small intestine
61
Place of greatest digestive activity
Small intestine
62
Structure that stores bile from the liver
Gall bladder
63
Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ
Small intestine
64
Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed
Digestion
65
Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient
Lipids
66
The end product that come from the digestion of fats
Fatty acids and glycerol
67
The digestion involves mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine
Mechanical
68
Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as its means of transport
Saliva
69
Immature red blood cells
Reticulocytes

Physiology (27 decks)

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