Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation (Exam 2)

Question 1

Intrinsic

Answer 1

• from internal factors
• personal motivation

Question 2

Extrinsic

Answer 2

• from external factors
• receive something from others

Question 3

Instinct

Answer 3

• unlearned
• derived from homeostasis

Question 4

Drive Theory

Answer 4

• deviations from homeostasis to create physiological needs
  
  • drive that directs behavior to meet a need and return to homeostasis

Question 5

Drive Theory Flowchart

Answer 5

1. psychological drive increases
2. direct behavior increases
3. needs are met
4. homeostasis is met

Question 6

Drive Reduction Flowchart

Answer 6

1. psychological drive decreases
2. direct behavior deceases
3. needs are not met
4. homeostasis is not met

Question 7

Self-Efficacy

Answer 7

one’s belief in their capacity to complete a task

Question 8

Self-Efficacy Flowchart

Answer 8

1. set goals for oneself
2. expectations
3. behavorial consequences
4. motivation

Question 9

Social Motives

Answer 9

needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy

Question 10

In terms of social motives, what does one’s need for achievement lead to?

Answer 10

accomplishment and performance

Question 11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 11

1. Physiological - biological needs (e.g. food, shelter)
2. Security - safety needs
3. Social - family/friends, belongingness
4. Esteem - self-worth
5. Self-Actualization - inner fulfillment

Question 12

Satiation

Answer 12

fullness and satisfaction

opposite of hunger

Question 13

Hunger Flowchart

Answer 13

1. blood glucose drops
2. pancreas and liver
3. chemical signals to brain
4. induce hunger

Question 14

Leptin

Answer 14

satiety hormone

Question 15

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 15

• eating disorder
• maintain a below average body weight through starvation or intense exercise

Question 16

Bullimia Nervosa

Answer 16

• eating disorder
• binge eating, followed by purging (throwing up) or intense exercise

Question 17

What is are major health consequences of anorexia and bulimia?

Answer 17

• anorexia - bone loss
• bulimia - tooth decay

Question 18

When a person has an eating disorder, how do they view their body?

Answer 18

distorted body image/body dismorphia - believe they are overweight when they are not

Question 19

What is responsible for sexual motivation? If these areas are damaged, what occurs?

Answer 19

• amygdala and nucleus accumbens
• decreased sexual motivation, but still able to do so

Question 20

What are the four phases of sexual responses?

Answer 20

1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution

Question 21

What occurs during the excitement phase?

Answer 21

• arousal
• erection of the penis
• lubrication of the clitoris

Question 22

What occurs during the plateau phase?

Answer 22

• vagina swells
• penis becomes fully erect, exhibits pre-ejaculatory response

Question 23

What occurs during the orgasm phase?

Answer 23

• female rhythmic contractions, male pelvic contractions
• build up of seminal fluids forced out by contractions of genital muscles

Question 24

What occurs during the resolution phase?

Answer 24

• rapid return to an unaroused state
• blood pressure decrease, muscle relaxation

Question 25

Sexual Orientation

Answer 25

emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction

Question 26

Gender Identity

Answer 26

gender expression

Question 27

James-Lange Theory

Answer 27

* emotions arise from **physiological arousal** * fight, flight, or freeze

Question 28

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 28

physical arousal and emotional arousal occurs **simultaneously, yet independently**

Question 29

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

Answer 29

* emotions are composed of **physiological and cognitive factors** * physiological arousal needs to be appraised (assessed) in context to create an emotional response

Question 30

Lazarus' Cognitive-Mediational Theory

Answer 30

emotions are determined by one's **appraisal (assessment) of the stimuli**

Question 31

Amygdala

Answer 31

where **emotions** are processed, especially **fear and anxiety**

Question 32

What is the amygdala made up of?

Answer 32

* **Basolateral Complex** - dense connection of **sensory areas** of the brain * **Central Nucleus** - plays a role in attention

Question 33

Hippocampus

Answer 33

* stores memory * plays a role in emotions

Question 34

Hypothalamus

Answer 34

connections with central nuclei regulates the **atonomic and endocrine nervous systems**

Question 35

Cultural Display Rule

Answer 35

standards that say what emotions are appropriate to display

Question 36

What are the 7 universal emotions?

Answer 36

1. Happiness 2. Surprise 3. Sadness 4. Fright 5. Disgust 6. Contempt 7. Anger

Question 37

Body Language

Answer 37

expression of emotions in terms of body position and movement