Chapter 3

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

genetic make up

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

physical characteristics

Question 4

gene-environment interaction

Answer 4

• genes influence our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genetic make up
• one’s genotype predisposes them to high levels of intellectual potential
• in a rich environment, they will reach full potential
• in a poor environment, they will exhibit adverse psychological conditions throughout adulthood

Question 5

neuron

Answer 5

cell of the nervous system

Question 6

terminal buttons

Answer 6

passes information through connection to dendrites of other neurons

Question 7

myelin sheath

Answer 7

lubricates axon, where information is interpreted

Question 8

multiple sclerosis

Answer 8

disease, myelin sheath is not lubricated and does not pass thoughts

Question 9

agonist

Answer 9

chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter at the receptor site

Question 10

antagonist

Answer 10

blocks or impedes the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor

Question 11

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 11

brain and spinal cord

where information from the PNS are made sense of and processed

Question 12

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 12

carries information coming from muscles, organs, nerves, and senses to the spinal chord up to the brain

Question 13

somatic nervous system

Answer 13

conscious or voluntary

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS
- CNS -> efferent fibers/motor neurons
- CNS <- afferent fibers/sensory neurons

Question 14

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 14

unconscious involuntary

functions of internal organs and glands

Question 15

homeostasis

Answer 15

body is at balance

Question 16

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 16

body’s response into a stressful activity: fight, flight, or freeze

panic messes with homeostasis

Question 17

parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 17

bodily functions or systems of the body: rest and digest

body returns to homeostasis after stressful state

Question 18

spinal cord function

Answer 18

posture

routes messages to and from brain through brain stem

30 vertebrae connect to specific part of the body, connect to nerves that control that part

Question 19

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 19

flows throughout the brain to distribute nutrients

Question 20

limbic system

Answer 20

nervous system of the brain itself

Question 21

hippocampus

Answer 21

memory

Question 22

amygdala

Answer 22

emotion

Question 23

left hemisphere

Answer 23

controls right side of the body

responsible for speech, memory, selective attention, emotions

Question 24

right hemisphere

Answer 24

controls left side of the body

responsible for perception, arousal, and negative emotions

Question 25

corpus callosum

Answer 25

think band of neural fibers that divides two hemispheres

Question 26

frontal lobe

Answer 26

located in forward part involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

Question 27

motor cortex

Answer 27

frontal lobe planning and coordination

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

frontal lobe cognitive thinking

Question 29

parietal lobe

Answer 29

located behind frontal lobe responsible for body's senses

Question 29

Broca's area

Answer 29

frontal lobe language production

Question 30

somatosensory cortex

Answer 30

parietal lobe touch and sensation

Question 31

temporal lobe

Answer 31

side of the brain associated with hearing, memory, emotion, speech

Question 32

auditory cortex

Answer 32

houses Wernicke's area language comprehension

Question 33

occipital lobe

Answer 33

back of the brain

Question 34

primary visual cortex

Answer 34

occipital lobe understanding visual information

Question 35

EEG

Answer 35

provide measure of brain's electrical activity

Question 36

glands

Answer 36

where hormones are produced

Question 37

hormones

Answer 37

secretes through rest of bloodstream

Question 38

pituitary gland

Answer 38

also: master gland growth, pain relief, fluid regulation

Question 39

thyroid gland

Answer 39

development, metabolism, appetite

Question 40

adrenal gland

Answer 40

stress response hormones: epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinphrine

Question 41

pineal gland

Answer 41

melatonin (sleep)

Question 42

pancreas

Answer 42

insulin and glucagon (regulate blood sugar levels)

Question 43

gonads

Answer 43

sexual hormones: - ovaries in females - estrogens (e.g. progesterone) - testes in males - androgens (e.g. testosterone)