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PSYC101 24-25 > Chapter 9: Lifespan Development (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Lifespan Development (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Development

A

involves growth and changes in the body and the brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

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2
Q

Cognitive Development

A

involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

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3
Q

Psychosocial Development

A

emotions, personality, and social relationships

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4
Q

Normative Approach

A

determine a “normal” - psychologists compare children of the same age and determine their differences based on normative events that occur

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5
Q

What are examples of developmental milestones? At what ages do these typically occur?

A
  • crawling at 7-10 months
  • walking at 10-18 months
  • potty-trained at 2-3 years
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6
Q

Continuity

A

cumulative, gradually improving process

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7
Q

Discontinuity

A

occurs at specific times or ages, resulting in sudden change

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8
Q

Object Permanence

A

ability to know that an object exists even when the baby cannot see or hear it

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9
Q

Nature

A

biology and genetics - why children act like their biological parents

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10
Q

Nurture

A

environment and culture - personal experiences influence whether or how we interact with our environment

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11
Q

What idea is Erikson’s psychosocial development based on?

A
  • social over sexual development
  • personality development happens across a lifespan
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12
Q

What is the age range of each stage of psychosocial development?

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy, birth to 12 months
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - toddler, 1-3
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt - preschool, 3-6
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority - elementary, 7-11
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion - adolescence, 12-18
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation - early adulthood, 20s-early 40s
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation - middle adulthood, 40s-mid 60s
  8. Integrity vs. Dispair - late adulthood, mid 60s- end of life
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13
Q

What is the conflict experienced in each stage of psychosocial development?

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust - develop trust when needs are met
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - explore the world and gain independence
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt - achieve goals based on social interactions
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority - compare themselves and their accomplishments to those of their peers
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion - develop a sense of self or conform to parents’ values
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation - develop a strong sense of self to prepare to share life with another
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation - contribute to the development of others, or have no connection and little interest in productivity
  8. Integrity vs. Dispair - reflect to determine satisfaction in their life
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14
Q

What idea is Piaget’s cognitive development based on?

A
  • cognitive abilities develop through specific stages (discontinuity approach)
  • children are naturally inquisitive but cannot think and reason like adults
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15
Q

What is the age range of each stage of cognitive development?

A
  • Sensorimotor - 0-2 years
  • Preoperational - 2-6 years
  • Concrete Operational - 7-11 years
  • Formal Operational - 12-adulthood
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16
Q

What is the developmental issue at each stage of cognitive development?

A
  • Sensorimotor - object permanence, stranger anxiety
  • Preoperational - pretend play
  • Concrete Operational - conservation, math
  • Formal Operational - abstract logic
17
Q

What are the stages of prenatal development?

A
  1. Germinal Stage (Weeks 1-2)
  2. Embryonic Stage (Weeks 3-8)
  3. Fetal Stage (Weeks 9-40)
18
Q

What occurs during the germinal stage?

A
  • Conception - sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote
  • Zygote - one-cell structure created after the sperm and egg merger
  • Mitosis - cell division, zygote divides into multiple cells
19
Q

What occurs during the embryonic stage?

A
  • in 7-10 days, divides into 150 cells
  • down the fallopian tube, lines the uterus
  • formation of the embryo
  • placenta connects embryo and uterus (provides nutrients and oxygen to baby)
  • formation of head, chest, and abdomen
20
Q

What occurs during the fetal stage?

A
  • at 9 weeks, embryo is called a fetus
  • formation of lungs, heart, stomach, intestines
  • visible fingerprints
  • at 40 weeks, fetus can be delivered
21
Q

What are two physical reflexes that infants develop?

A
  • sucking reflex - automatic sucking motions with an infant’s mouth
  • moro reflex - newborn’s response to the sensation of falling
22
Q

Motor Skill

A

ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

23
Q

What are two types of motor skills?

A
  • gross motor skills - large muscles groups involved in movement
  • fine motor skills - smaller muscles (e.g. fingers, toes, eyes)
24
Q

How does cognition develop during childhood?

A
  • pre-school age (3-5 years) - ask “why?” questions
  • middle-late childhood (6-11 years) - thought processes become more logical and organized
25
How do biological females physically develop in adolesence?
* growth spurt at 8-13 years * **menarche** - beginning of menstrual period at 12-13 years
26
How do biological males physically develop in adolesence?
* growth spurt at 10-16 years * **spermarche** - first ejaculation at 13-14 years
27
Cognitive Empathy
the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others
28
As teenagers, how does their type of thinking change?
concrete thinking -> abstract thinking
29
How do adolescents develop emotionally?
* develop identity * pull away from parents and focus on their peers
30
How do emerging adults (18-mid 20s) develop emotionally?
* enter new roles * explore their career options
31
What are the different types of cognitive development that occurs in adulthood?
* **Crystalized Intelligence** - information, skills, and strategies that **hold steady** as people age * **Fluid Intelligence** - **decline** in information processing abilities, reasoning, and memory * **Practical Intelligence** - **street smarts**
32
How do adults develop emotionally?
* early and middle adulthood - find meaning in their life through work * late adulthood - generativity vs. stagnation (Erikson's pyschosocial development)
33
Hospice Care
* provides a dignified death and pain management * in a humane and comfortable environment, typically outside a hospital setting
34
What are the five stages of grief?
1. **Denial** (grieving) - reluctant to accept a loved one is gone 2. **Anger** (grieving) - reluctant to continue life without a loved one 3. **Bargaining** - negotiating 4. **Depression** - lasts 2-6 months following a death 5. **Acceptance** - accepts loved one is gone and ready to move on
35
Living Will, or Advance Directive
* written **legal document** that details specific **interventions** a person wants * can include a **health care proxy** * someone who makes medical decisions for them
36
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
states that medical personnel are **not to revive a person**

PSYC101 24-25 (15 decks)

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