Chapter 4

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

awareness of external and internal stimuli

Question 2

internal stimuli

Answer 2

pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, thoughts and emotions

Question 3

external stimuli

Answer 3

anything that comes from outside the body

Question 4

circadian rhythm

Answer 4

also: sleep-wake and light-dark cycles

biological rhythm that takes place over a 24 hour period

Question 5

sleep debt

Answer 5

amount of sleep you need, as opposed to the sleep you actually get

Question 6

pineal gland

Answer 6

stimulated by darkness in order to secrete melatonin

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

secretes growth hormone during sleep

Question 8

function of sleep according to evolutionary psychology

Answer 8

restore resources that are expended during the day

sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risk, which increases in darkness

Question 9

cognitive function of sleep

Answer 9

sleep deprivation results in memory deficits, especially long term memories

Question 10

stage 1 of non-REM sleep

Answer 10

produces alpha waves

transitional phase, where one is relaxed yet awake

Question 11

stage 2 of non-REM sleep

Answer 11

produces theta waves

state of deep relaxation

includes sleep spindle for learning and memory

Question 12

stage 3 of non-REM sleep

Answer 12

produces delta waves

deep sleep, hard to wake someone

dramatic decrease in respiration and heartrate

Question 13

stage 4 of REM sleep

Answer 13

produces beta waves for conscious and logical thinking

eyes dart rapidly through closed eyelids

dreaming occurs

Question 14

insomnia

Answer 14

consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep

Question 15

diagnose insomnia

Answer 15

difficulty staying asleep for at least 3 night a week for 1 month

Question 16

parasomnia

Answer 16

unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

Question 17

sleepwalking

Answer 17

eyes open but unresponsive to attempts to communicate with them

Question 18

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Answer 18

muscle paralysis associated with REM sleep not occurring

associated with Parkinson’s Disease

Question 19

restless leg syndrome

Answer 19

uncomfortable sensationns in the legs

Question 20

night terrors

Answer 20

sense of panic which results to screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment

Question 21

sleep apnea

Answer 21

sleeper’s breathing stops for 10-20 seconds and brief arousal

Question 22

sleep apnea treatment

Answer 22

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) pumps air into airways

Question 23

suddent infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 23

infant stops breathing during sleep and dies

Question 24

risk factors of SIDS

Answer 24

infants <12 months

boys > girls

Question 25

narcolepsy

Answer 25

associated with cataplexy, or lack of muscle tone and muscle weakness

Question 26

substance use disorder (SUD)

Answer 26

compulsive pattern of using the drug use with both physical and psychological dependence, which affects their abilities to function everyday, and continues to use substance despite consequences function because of substances prioritize substances over responsibility

Question 27

stimulants

Answer 27

also: party drugs stimulates dopamine associated with euphoria increases energy, pleasure, emotional warmth

Question 28

sedative-hypnotics

Answer 28

also: depressants impacts gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) everything slows down, lower levels of alertness

Question 29

opiates

Answer 29

impacts endrogenous opoid neurotransmitter system associated with euphoria 1. initial rush 2. going on the nod 3. altered consciousness

Question 30

hallucinogens

Answer 30

stimulates serotonin sensory experiences, visual hallucinations, hallucinations of body sensations with alcohol, increases heart rate and blood pressure