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Psych 101 2nd LE 2nd Sem > Chapter 10: Gender & Sexuality > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Gender & Sexuality Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

This refers to the physical structures of the human sexual system and the function of those structures.

A

Sex Characteristics

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of sex characteristics?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
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3
Q

This refers to the period wherein the most rapid sexual maturation occurs through physical and hormonal change.

A

Puberty

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4
Q

This type of sex characteristic is directly involved in reproduction is present at birth and starts developing before and during puberty.

A

Primary

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5
Q

This type of sex characteristic is indirectly involved in reproduction. It only starts developing during puberty.

A

Secondary

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6
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics in men?

A
  • Penis
  • Testes
  • Scrotum
  • Prostate gland
  • Spermache (release of sperm)
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7
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics in women?

A
  • Vagina
  • Uterus
  • Ovaries
  • Ovulation (release of egg cells)
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8
Q

In the development of sex characteristics, ______ form at
about 5 weeks into pregnancy which are two organs that are _______________ meaning the embryo can become either male or female.

A
  • Gonads
  • Undifferentiated
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9
Q

What are the 2 sets of ducts which can also become male/female organs?

A
  1. Woffian Ducts
  2. Müllerian Ducts
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10
Q

In the development of sex characteristics, the deciding factor is the ____ pair of chromosomes: the presence of a ___________ creates a gene that releases testosterone, an androgen.

A
  • 23rd
  • Y chromosome
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11
Q

In the development of sex characteristics, the development of two _ __________ causes no testosterone release, so the gonads develop into ovaries which secrete estrogen.

A

X chromosomes

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12
Q

In the development of sex characteristics, some infants could be born with ambiguous sex or both male and female sex organs.

A

Intersexual

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13
Q

In _________ sex characteristics, both females and males observe physical changes.

A

Secondary

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14
Q

___ is assigned at birth, and is based on anatomy, hormones, and chromosomes.

A

Sex

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15
Q

______ is developed through identity and experience and is based on thoughts, feelings, roles, and culture.

A

Gender

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16
Q

In gender, this refers to the culture’s expectations for the behavior of a person who is perceived as male or female.

A

Gender Roles

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17
Q

In gender, this refers to the sense of being male, female, both, or neither.

A

Gender Identity

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18
Q

In gender, this is the process by which people learn their culture’s expectations associated with a particular gender; Begins in early childhood.

A

Gender Typing

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19
Q

In gender, this refers to the emotional distress from the mismatch between gender identity and assigned sex.

A

Gender Dysphoria

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20
Q

In gender, this refers to a person whose gender identity does not match their external appearance or sex chromosomes.

A

Transgender

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21
Q

In cultural perspectives on gender, gender roles can vary by _______.

A

Culture

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22
Q

In cultural perspectives on gender, this refers to more flexible gender roles.

A

Individualistic

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23
Q

In cultural perspectives on gender, this refers to more traditional gender roles.

A

Collectivist

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24
Q

In biological influences on gender, ________ affects brain and behavior development.

A

Hormones

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25
In environmental influences, when girls grow up, they become more "female", what factors influence this?
- Family - Media - School - Peers - Culture
26
In sexual orientation, this refers to people who are sexually attracted to members of the other sex.
Hetero
27
What does "hetero" mean in Greek?
Other
28
In sexual orientation, this refers to people who are sexually attracted to members of one's own sex.
Homosexual
29
What does "homo" mean in Greek?
Same
30
In sexual orientation, this refers to people who are sexually attracted to both sexes.
Bisexual
31
This is likely a product of both biological factors such as genetics and brain structure and one’s environment growing up.
Sexual Orientation Development
32
What are the 2 theories of gender-role development?
1. Social Learning 2. Gender Schema
33
This gender-role development theory was coined by Albert Bandura, and it states that gender roles are learned through observation and imitation of models called _____________ ________.
- Social Learning Theory - Observational Learning
34
What are the 4 stages of observational learning?
1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Reproduction 4. Motivation
35
This gender-role development theory was coined by Sandra Bem, and it's a combination of Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Development.
Gender Schema Theory
36
What are the 2 types of gender schemas?
- In-group schema - Out-group schema
37
This gender schema refers to the group a child identifies with and is positively evaluated.
In-group schema
38
This gender schema refers to the opposite group being negatively evaluated.
Out-group schema
39
This refers to a concept held about a person or group of people based on very superficial characteristics.
Stereotype
40
This refers to concepts about male and female assigned characteristics on the basis of nothing but being a male or female.
Gender Stereotype
41
This refers to discrimination or prejudice based on a person’s gender which often reinforces traditional gender roles and unequal treatment.
Sexism
42
This refers to prejudice that is more socially acceptable but still leads to unequal treatment; sort of a backhanded compliment.
Benevolent Sexism
43
This was developed by Psychologist Sandra Bem who proposes that personalities reflect characteristics of both males and females regardless of gender.
Androgyny
44
This is a 12-year-long study conducted in 1966 by Dr. Williams Masters and Virginia Johnsons which discusses the 4 stages of _____ ______ ________.
Human Sexual Response
45
What are the 4 stages of human sexual response?
1. Excitement 2. Plateau 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution
46
In this stage of the human sexual response, pulse rate, blood pressure, and breathing increase. Skin is a rosy flush, and nipples will harden.
Excitement
47
In this stage of the human sexual response, the outer part of vagina swells for women, and penises are more erect from men with a few droplets of fluid.
Plateau
48
In this stage of the human sexual response, it involves rhythmic muscular contractions.
Orgasm
49
In this stage of the human sexual response, it is the final stage where the body returns to its normal state.
Resolution
50
In the resolution phase of the human sexual response, refers to the period wherein men cannot achieve another erection.
Refractory Period
51
Alfred Kinsey conducted face-to-face interviews about ______ ________ on the frequency of masturbation, anal sex, premarital sex, and homosexuality on young protestants.
Sexual Behaviors
52
In sexual behaviors, Robert Trivers proposed the ________ __________ theory wherein behaviors stemmed from our genes and evolution because we need to survive as a species.
Parental Investment
53
Among the sexes, they are more likely to seek mating opportunities than women to increase the likelihood of offspring.
Men
54
Among the sexes, they are more selective about whom they choose for sex as they focus more on nurturing the offspring.
Women
55
What are the common barriers to sexual activities?
- Health - Lack of partners
56
This refers to the problem with sexual functioning or the actual physical workings of the sex act.
Sexual Dysfunction
57
In behavior sexual problems, this is a condition in which the person either prefers to or must, achieve sexual arousal and fulfillment through sexual behavior that is unusual or not socially acceptable.
Paraphilia
58
In behavior sexual problems, this refers to individuals who have a paraphilia that is causing distress or impairment to the individual or poses a risk or harm to others.
Paraphilic Disorders
59
In behavior sexual problems, this factor refers to physical problems such as illnesses, side effects from medication, the effects of surgeries, physical disabilities, and the use of both illegal and legal drugs.
Organic Factors
60
In behavior sexual problems, this factor refers to sexual attitudes and behavior that also exist and may be a source of psychological stress leading to sexual dysfunction.
Socio-Cultural Factors
61
In behavior sexual problems, this factor refers to individual psychological problems such as low self-esteem, and anxiety over sexual performance.
Psychological Factors
62
This refers to an infection spread primarily through sexual contact.
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
63
In STI, _________ when left untreated in women can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disorder (PID).
Chlamydia
64
In STI, ________ are sores that appear in the genital area and can spread to other body parts and the brain.
Syphilis
65
What are the 2 types of STI's?
1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 2. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
66
This STI wears down the body’s immune system making it susceptible to infections.
HIV
67
This STI is the most advanced stage of HIV wherein the immune system T-cell count goes below a certain level.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
68
What are different ways HIV can be transmitted?
- Unprotected vagina, oral, or anal sex. - Transmission through pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Psych 101 2nd LE 2nd Sem (5 decks)

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