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Psych 101 2nd LE 2nd Sem > Chapter 9: Motivation & Emotion > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Motivation & Emotion Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

This refers to the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

A

Motivation

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of motivation?

A
  1. Intrinsic
  2. Extrinsic
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3
Q

This type of motivation refers to a person performing an action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner.

A

Intrinsic

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4
Q

This type of motivation refers to people who are driven to do something because of an external reward of some sort (or avoidance of an unpleasant consequence).

A

Extrinsic

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5
Q

In the evolutionary approach, this refers to innate patterns of behavior or inborn motivation to do something in response to external stimuli.

A

Instincts

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6
Q

______ _________ proposed a total of __ instincts for humans, which includes curiosity, flight, pugnacity, and acquisition.

A
  • William Mcdougall
  • 18
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7
Q

In Drive-Reduction Theory, this refers to a requirement for some
material that is essential for the survival of an organism.

A

Need

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8
Q

In Drive-Reduction Theory, this refers to the psychological tension that results in that need for something which ultimately leads to the organism acting in fulfillment of that need.

A

Drive

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of drives?

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
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10
Q

This drive involves survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.

A

Primary Drive

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11
Q

This drive is learned through experience or conditioning such as the need for money or social approval.

A

Secondary Drive

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12
Q

In Drive-Reduction Theory, this refers to the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state.

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

In the types of needs, what are the 3 theories of motivation according to McClelland?

A
  1. Need for Affiliation (nAff)
  2. Need for Power (nPow)
  3. Need for Achievement (nAch)
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14
Q

In McClelland’s theory of motivation, this refers to the need for friendly interactions and relationships with others.

A

nAff

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15
Q

In McClelland’s theory of motivation, this refers to the need to have control or an impact over other people rather than reaching a specific goal.

A

nPow

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16
Q

In McClelland’s theory of motivation, this refers to the need or strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, both realistic and challenging ones.

A

nAch

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17
Q

According to _____ _____’s self-theory of motivation, the need for __________ is said to be closely linked to personality factors including one’s self-perception.

A
  • Carol Dweck
  • Achievement
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18
Q

In Carol Dweck’s self-theory of motivation, there are 2 types of “locus of control”.

A
  1. Internal in LoC
  2. External in LoC
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19
Q

This LoC has control over what happens and their behavior is guided by their own decisions.

A

Internal in LoC

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20
Q

This LoC is mostly determined by luck, fate, or what powerful/influential people say around them.

A

External

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21
Q

According to Dweck’s research, ____________ is changeable and can be shaped by experiences or efforts in small increments.

A

Intelligence

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22
Q

In arousal theory, this refers to having an optimal or ideal level of tension.

A

Optimum Arousal

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23
Q

In optimum arousal, this law states that the arousal effect appears to be modified by the difficulty of the task: easy tasks require a high to moderate level of arousal for optimal performance, while difficult tasks require a low to moderate level.

A

Yerkes-Dodson Law

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24
Q

In optimum arousal, this refers to those who seem to need more complex and varied sensory experiences than do other people.

Study These Flashcards
A

Sensation Seekers

25
This refers to behavior explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties.
Incentive Approach
26
What are the 2 ways of incentive approach?
1. Acting only upon the incentive 2. Internal needs (push) & external stimulus (pull)
27
In the humanistic approach, who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
28
This refers to the several levels of needs that a person must strive to meet before achieving the highest level of personality fulfillment.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
29
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this is the point where people have satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full potential.
Self-actualization
30
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, times in our life in which self-actualization is achieved at least temporarily are called ____ ___________.
Peak Experiences
31
What are the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
- Self-transcendence - Self-actualization - Esteem - Belonging and love - Safety - Physiological
32
In self-determination theory, there are 3 universal needs to feel that determine your life:
1. Autonomy 2. Competence 3. Relatedness
33
In self-determination theory, this is the need to act freely.
Autonomy
34
In self-determination theory, this is the need to overcome tasks.
Competence
35
In self-determination theory, this is the need for belonging, similar to Maslow’s.
Relatedness
36
Satisfying this is one of our most primary needs.
Hunger
37
What are the physiological components of hunger?
- Hormonal influences - Leptin - Hypothalamus - Metabolism
38
What are the social components of hunger?
- Social cues & conventions - Eating as comfort - Culture & gender
39
In relation to hunger, this is the condition wherein the body weight of a person is 20% or more over the ideal body weight for that person’s height.
Obesity
40
What are the 3 elements of emotion?
1. Certain Physical Arousal 2. Emotional Expression 3. Inner Awareness of feeling
41
In emotion, this refers to the the brain areas associated with emotional control are the same brain areas responsible for control of nonemotional information.
Physiology of Emotion
42
In emotional expression, it is believed to be _________ since all human beings, no matter what their culture, would show the same facial expression because the facial muscles evolved to communicate specific information to onlookers.
Universal
43
What are the 7 basic emotions?
1. Anger 2. Fear 3. Disgust 4. Happiness 5. Surprise 6. Sadness 7. Contempt
44
In emotion, it is considered a "cognitive element" because the labeling process is a matter of retrieving memories of previous similar experiences.
Labeling Emotion (subjective experience)
45
In this theory of emotion, we experience an emotion from a stimulus, followed by a physiological response. stimulus > 1st response (emotion) > 2nd response (ANS arousal)
Common Sense Theory
46
In this theory of emotion, we experience the physiological response to the stimulus first before the emotion. stimulus > 1st response (ANS arousal) > 2nd response (emotion)
James-Lange Theory
47
In this theory of emotion, we experience the emotion and the ANS arousal at the same time. stimulus > 1st response (subcortical brain activity) > 2nd response (ANS arousal & emotion)
Cannon-Bard Theory
48
In this theory of emotion, a stimulus leads to both bodily arousal and the labeling of that arousal, which leads to the experience and labeling of the emotional reaction. stimulus > 1st response (cognitive appraisal & ANS arousal) > 2nd response (emotion)
Schachter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory
49
In this theory of emotion, a stimulus such as this snarling dog causes arousal and a facial expression.
Facial Feedback Theory
50
In this theory of emotion, a stimulus causes an immediate appraisal. The cognitive appraisal results in an emotional response, which is then followed by the appropriate bodily response. stimulus > 1st response (appraisal of threat -> fear) 2nd response (ANS arousal)
Lazarus's Cognitive-Mediational Theory
51
What are the 5 steps of the GTD or "getting things done" method?
1. Capture 2. Process & define 3. Organize 4. Complete 5. Do
52
This step in the GTD method refers to getting anything that has your attention out of your head and physically collected in one place.
CAPTURE
53
This step in the GTD method refers to identifying what you can take action on and the next steps.
PROCESS & DEFINE
54
This step in the GTD method refers to placing information and reminders into categories based on how and when you need them.
ORGANIZE
55
This step in the GTD method refers to completing weekly reviews of your projects, next actions, and new items.
COMPLETE
56
This step in the GTD method refers to doing your next actions, in the appropriate context or time frame for doing so.
DO
57
_____ recommends that parents and teachers praise children’s efforts rather than their success.
Dweck
58
____________ criticism when linked with ______ and ______ can better influence a child’s holistic development than endless praise.
- Constructive - Praise & Effort

Psych 101 2nd LE 2nd Sem (5 decks)

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