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AP Psychology > Chapter 10 - Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

What is intelligence?

A

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations

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2
Q

What is school smarts?

A

When intelligence is measured, it suits a test

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3
Q

Who did the idea of general intelligence come from?

A

The work of Charles Spearman (1863-1945) who helped develop the factor analysis approach in statistics: a procedure of research which measures clusters of related items

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4
Q

What is an example of general intelligence?

A

Athleticism = coordination, processing speed, and memory

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5
Q

Contemporary Intelligence Theories

What is Howard Gardner’s theory?

A

Intelligence comes in multiple forms. Gardner notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others.

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6
Q

What is savant syndrome?

A

Savants have a developmental disability and an under 25 IQ but with one or two forms of brilliance. People with savant syndrome excel in abilities unrelated to general intelligence.

Ex. Kim Peek

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7
Q

Who is Alonzo Clemons?

A

Alonzo suffered a head injury in an accident that changed his life. He can’t do basic things like feed himself, but he can sculpt.

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8
Q

Who is Leslie Lemke?

A

Born with severe birth defects that required doctors to remove his eyes, but could play piano at 16 years old flawlessly without classical music training

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9
Q

What are Howard Gardner’s 8 types of intelligences? And the speculated 9th?

A
  • Logical-matematical
  • Linguistic
  • Spatial
  • Musical
  • Bodily-kinesthetic
  • Intrapersonal
  • Interpersonal
  • Naturalistic

and Existential

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the Multiple Intelligence scale?

A
  • Assess one’s strengths and weaknesses
  • Help guide students in school and education
  • Understand own learning needs
  • Help choose a career
  • Helps succeed academically
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11
Q

Who is Robert Sternberg?

A

Sternberg also agrees with Gardner, but suggests 3 intelligences rather than 8

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12
Q

What are Sternberg’s 3 intelligences?

A
  • Analytical intelligence: that is assesed by intelligence tests
  • Creative intelligence: that makes us adapt to novel situations, generating novel ideas
  • Practical intelligence: that is required for everyday tasks (ex. street smarts)
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13
Q

Who are Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon?

A

Developed questions that would predict children’s future progress in the Paris school system; assessing an individual’s aptitudes and giving them a score

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14
Q

Who are Lewis Terman and W. Stern?

A

In the US, Lewis Terman adapted Binet’s test for American school children and named the test the Stanford-Binet Test. IQ (Intelligence Quotient was introduced by William Stern

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15
Q

What is the formula for IQ?

A

IQ = mental age/chronological age x 100

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16
Q

What are the ranges of IQ?

A

Average IQ - around 100
Intellectual Delay - under 70
Exceptional - over 130

17
Q

Who is David Wechsler?

A

Developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) an overall intelligence test assessing other aspects

Currently the most widely used for children

18
Q

What is the difference between an achievement test and an aptitude test?

A

Achievement tests: reflect what you have learned (ex. chapter tests and exams)
Aptitude tests: predict your ability to learn new skills (ex. LSAT, SATS, MCATS)

19
Q

Principles of Test Construction

What is standardization?

A

Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a rep. sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison (ex. OSSLT, EQAO)

When graphed, it will show a normal curve

20
Q

Principles of Test Construction

What is reliability?

A

A test is reliable when it yields consistent results. You can depend on its accuracy of assessing people.

21
Q

Principles of Test Construction

Procedures of reliability?

A
  1. Split-half reliability: dividing the test into two equal halves and assesing how consistent the scores are
  2. Test-retest reliability: using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency
22
Q

Principles of Test Construction

What is validity?

A

Refers to what the test is supposed to measure or predict

23
Q

Principles of Test Construction

Kinds of validity?

A
  1. Content validity: refers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait (ex. written drivers test)
  2. Predictive validity: refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait (ex. SAT or LSAT, MCAT)
24
Q

What is the Flynn Effect?

A

In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points

25
Q

Problems with the WWI Intelligence Test?

A
  • Not reliable, or valid
  • Its culturally and gender bias
  • It only measures a few intelligences
  • It was used as a tool for the government to send off only “true americans” to the war and NOT immigrants. They wanted Male,
    American, to pass.
26
Q

What are the extremes of intelligence?

A

Intellectually delayed (IQ under 70) and high intelligence (IQ over 130)

27
Q

What is MENSA?

A

Created in 1946, it is an organization for “intellectual superiors” and has currently approx. 100,000 members with an IQ of over 135.
If you can complete the test provided of 20 questions (taken from the Mensa book) in 20 minutes and get a perfect score, you are qualified to part of the
Mensa Club

28
Q

What is giftedness?

A

Giftedness means to have a high ability in one/two areas, able to look at the many possibilities to an answer, and can grasp elements to complicated things.

29
Q

What is more predictive in academic success?

A

Those who were self disciplined perfomed better in school

30
Q

Is intelligence due to genetics or environment?

A

Studies of twins, family members, and adopted children together support the idea that there is a significant genetic contribution to intelligence.

31
Q

What happens to children who experience neglect?

A

Early neglect from caregivers leads children to impoverished intelligence.

32
Q

What is the role of nurture on intelligence?

A

Intelligence is affected by human interaction
and sensory deprivation

33
Q

What are the positive effects of schooling on intelligence?

A
  • Encourages thinking
  • Help attention spans
  • Develop an important attitude to learning
  • Develops social and emotional intelligence
  • Gives strategies to monitor, manage, and apply knowledge
  • Provides social supports
  • Helps transfer learning
34
Q

Are there gender differences in intelligence?

A

Males have slight superiority in visual-spatial, and mathematical problem solving.
Females have slight superiority in items related to verbal intelligence and seem to be more motivated and self-disciplined.

35
Q

Are there racial differences in intelligence?

A

There are racial differences in intelligence because of how economic class affects education, especially post-secondary, mainly in the US

36
Q

What is the stereotype threat?

A

The stereotype threat is a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Ex. Asians will perform better on math tests compared to everyone else.

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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