Chapter 10: Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

The ability to direct one’s thinking, adapt to one’s circumstnaces and learn from one’s experiences

• How we are able to think, adapt, and learn

Question 2

Ratio IQ

Answer 2

a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100

• Less common
• Older Version

Question 3

Deviation IQ

Answer 3

a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100

Question 4

Factor Analysis

Answer 4

A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying

Question 5

Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence

Answer 5

every task requires a combination of a general ability (g) and skills that are specific to the task (s)

Question 6

Three-Level Hierarchy

Answer 6

most intelligence test data are best described by a three-level hierarchy with general intelligence at the top, specific abilities at the bottom (recalling movie titiles or giving speeches), and a small number of middle-level abilities in the middle (memory or verbal skills)

Question 7

Fraternal Twins

Answer 7

twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm

Question 8

Identical Twins

Answer 8

twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm

Question 9

Heritability Coefficient

Answer 9

a statistic that describes the proportion of the diference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genes

• Rougly 50%

Question 10

Shared Environment

Answer 10

those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household

• ex. siblings raised in the same household have about the same level of affluence, the same number and type of books, the same diet, and so on

Question 11

Nonshared Environment

Answer 11

those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household

Question 12

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 12

the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences

• Used for newly exposed information that we are not familiar with
• the concept of understanding things that are more abstract about things we have learned

Question 13

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 13

the ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience

• looking at remembering things we should have been exposed to

Question 14

Genetic Influences

Answer 14

People who share all their genes have similar intelligence sores regarless of wether they share environments

Question 15

Environmental Influences

Answer 15

Shared Environment or Non-shared Environment

Question 16

Economics

Answer 16

One of the best predictors of intelligence is wealth

• Being raised in a high SES family can raise 12-18 IQ points ==> more likely to provide intellectual stimulation
• Correlation between amount of formal education and intelligence is large ==> smart people tend to stay in school and school makes people smarter