Chapter 10 Notes Flashcards
(71 cards)
Metabolism total of a chemical reactions in the cell and is divided into two parts, called:
catabolism and anabolism
contribute to cycling of elements in ecosystem
microbial metabolism
synthesis of complex molecules
chemical work
take up of nutrients, elimination of wastes and maintenance of ion balances
transport work
cell motility and movement of structures within cells
mechanical work
a science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter called a system (e.g., a cell)
thermodynamics
total energy in universe remains constant,
however, energy may be redistributed either within a system or between the system and its surroundings
first law of thermodynamics
Physical and chemical processes proceed in such a way that the disorder of the universe increases to the maximum possible
second law of thermodynamics
amount of disorder in a system
entropy
amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 gram of water from 14.5 to 15.5°C
calorie
units of work capable of being done by a unit of energy
joules
1 cal of heat is equivalent to ___ J of work
4.1840
Expresses the change in energy that can occur in chemical reactions and other processes
free energy and reactions
if delta G is negative
reaction is spontaneous
if delta G is positive
reaction is non spontaneous
- free energy change
- unit of energy available to do work
delta G
-change in enthalpy (heat content)
delta H
- temp in kelvin
- change in entropy
T
chemical equilibrium
delta S
Free energy change defined at standard conditions of:
concentration, pressure, temperature, and pH
standard free energy change at what pH?
7
Exergonic reactions
Delta G degrees is negative
reaction proceeds spontaneously
endergonic reactions
Delta G degrees is positive
reaction will not proceed spontaneously
The Energy Currency of the Cell
ATP
