Chapter 10 Questions Flashcards
(37 cards)
___ reactions capture energy from the organisms’ energy source
catabolic
___ is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell
metabolism
___ reactions build new organic molecules from smaller inorganic and organic compounds
anabolic
in themodynamic studies, energy changes are analyzed in a collection of matter called ___ . All other matter in the universe is called the ___
system, surrounding
___ is the science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter
thermodynamics
a reaction in which the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate is said to be at
equilibrium
cells must efficiently transfer energy from their energy-trapping systems to the systems actually carrying out work and also used various metabolic processes to replace the energy used in doing work. this is called the __ ___
energy cycle
in order for the cell to be able to input energy into necessary endergonic reactions, energy- generating processes such as photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration are used to produce ___
ATP
disruption of an enzyme’s structure with loss of activity caused by extremes of pH, temp or other factors is called
denaturation
a molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and thereby alters the enzyme’s shape, making it inactive or less active is a(n) __ inhibitor
noncompetitve
a molecule that binds noncovalently to an enzyme at the active site and thereby prevents a substrate from binding and reacting is a(n) ___ inhibitor
competitive
the molecules formed by an enzyme- catalyzed reaction are called
products
the reacting molecules in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called
subsrates
the __ ___ is the substrate concentration needed for an enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity
michaelis constant (Km)
a complex formed during a reaction that resembles both the substrates and the products i called the __ state complex
transition
RNA molecules that have catalytic activity are known as
ribozymes
cells carry out three major types of work; which involves the synthesis of macromolecules as well as the breakdown of substances for their energy
chemical work
cells carry out three major types of work: which involves nutrient uptake and waste elimination
transport work
cells carry out three major types of work; which involves energy for cell motility and the movement of structures within cells?
mechanical work
T/F: energy can be redistributed within a collection of matter (system) or can be redistributed between the system and its surroundings
true
a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system
entropy
the __ law of thermodynamics state that energy can be neither created nor destroyed
first
the __ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in such a way that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum
second
the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1g of water from 14.5C to 15.5C is called a
calorie
