Chapter 10: Organizational Change And Innovation

Question 1

5 catagories that shape the future of business

Answer 1

1) the marketplace is becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products
2) more competitors are offering targeted products, requiring faster speed to market
3) some traditional companies may not survive radical change
4) China, India, and other offshore suppliers are changing the way we work
5) knowledge is becoming the new competitive advantage

Question 2

Disruptive innovation

Answer 2

Process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors

Question 3

Reactive change

Answer 3

Changes made in response to problems or opportunities as they arise

Question 4

Proactive change

Answer 4

Planned change, making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities

Question 5

Forces originating outside the organization

Answer 5

1) Demographic characteristics
2) Technological advancement
3) Shareholder, customer, and market change
4) Social and political pressure

Question 6

Technology

Answer 6

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product

Question 7

B corporation

Answer 7

AKA benefit corporation

Company is legally required to adhere to socially beneficial practices, such as helping consumers, employees, or environment

Question 8

Internal forces inside the organization

Answer 8

1) human resource concerns

2) managers behavior

Question 9

3 kinds of changes

Answer 9

Adaptive

Innovative

Radically innovative

Question 10

3 components to the kinds of change

Answer 10

1) the degree of complexity, cost, and uncertaincy

2) potential for generating employee resistance

Question 11

Adaptive change

Answer 11

Reintroduction of a familiar practice

Ex: holiday Monday, asking people to work 12 hours opposed to 8

Lowest in complexity, cost, and uncertainty

Question 12

Innovative change

Answer 12

Introduction of a practice that is new to the organization

Ex: starting 24hours

Question 13

Radically innovative change

Answer 13

Introduces a practice new to the industry

Ex: amazon uses drones to deliver packages

Question 14

Lewis’s change model 3 components

Answer 14

Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing

Question 15

Unfeeezing

Answer 15

Create the motivation to change

Question 16

Changing

Answer 16

New information, models, and procedures

Question 17

Refreezing

Answer 17

Support and reinforce the change

Question 18

Systems model of change 3 parts

Answer 18

Inputs

Target elements of change

Outputs

Question 19

Readiness for change

Answer 19

The beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of the organization staff regarding the extent of the changes needed and how willing and bake they are to implement them

Question 20

Force field analysis

Answer 20

A technique to determine which forces could facilitate a proposed change and which forces could act against it

Question 21

Innovation

Answer 21

Introduction of something new or better, as in goods or services

Question 22

Product innovation

Answer 22

Change in the appearance or the performance of a product or a service or the creation of a new one

Ex: all iPhone models

Question 23

Process innovation

Answer 23

Change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated

Ex: using 3D printers to make stuff

Question 24

Innovation system

Answer 24

A coherent set of interdependent processes and structures that dictates how the company searches for novel problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product designs, and selects which projects gets funded

Question 25

7 components of the innovation system

Answer 25

1) innovation strategy
2) committees leadership
3) innovative culture and climate
4) requires sructure and processes
5) necessary human capital
6) Human Resources policies, practices and procedures
7) appropriate resources

Question 26

Crowdsourcing

Answer 26

The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community such as Facebook and Twitter

Question 27

Resistance to change

Answer 27

An emotional / behavioural response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine

Question 28

Resistance can be considered to be the interaction of 3 causes

Answer 28

1) emplyees characteristics
2) change against characteristics
3) the change agent - employee relationship

Question 29

Self affirmations

Answer 29

Positive statements that can help you focus on goals, get rid of negative, self defeating beliefs and program your subconscious mind

Question 30

Self compassion

Answer 30

Gentleness with yourself