Chapter 10 Pathology

Question 2

Type of nephritis in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome

Answer 2

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a UTI, sometimes referred to as a bladder infection

Answer 3

Bacterial cystitis

Question 4

Condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis

Answer 4

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 5

Kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys

Answer 5

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 6

Abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine

Answer 6

Diuresis

Question 7

Final phase of kidney disease

Answer 7

End stage renal disease ESRD

Question 8

Involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting

Answer 8

Enuresis

Question 9

Need to urinate more often than normal

Answer 9

Frequency

Question 10

Sugar in the urine

Answer 10

Glucosuria, glycosuria

Question 11

Condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy to to urine outflow obstruction

Answer 11

Hydronephrosis

Question 12

Chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology

Answer 12

Interstitial cystitis

Question 13

Pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function

Answer 13

Interstitial nephritis

Question 14

Uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots)

Answer 14

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 15

Bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves

Answer 15

Neurogenic bladder

Question 16

Narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis

Answer 16

Phimosis

Question 17

Group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them

Answer 17

Polycystic kidney disease PKD

Question 18

Inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney

Answer 18

Pyelonephritis

Question 19

Small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidney or a ureter; also called kidney stone

Answer 19

Renal calculus

Question 20

Severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter

Answer 20

Renal colic

Question 21

Acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body

Answer 21

Renal failure

Question 22

Renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules

Answer 22

Tubular necrosis

Question 23

Increased levels of urea or other wastes in the blood

Answer 23

Uremia

Question 24

Need to urinate immediately I

Answer 24

Urgency

Question 25

Involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze (stress incontinence), after failing to reach a toilet in time (functional incontinence), or directly following the strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence)

Answer 25

Urinary incontinence UI

Question 26

Inability to urinate

Answer 26

Urinary retention

Question 27

Inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder

Answer 27

Urinary tract infection UTI

Question 28

Abnormal flow of urine from the ladder back into the ureter

Answer 28

Vesicoureteral reflux VUR

Question 29

Rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most commonly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma or malignant neoplasm of kidney

Answer 29

Wilm's tumor