Chapter 9 Terminology

Question 1

Includes all of the structures of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus, and the accessory organs. Breaks down food into usable nutrients and then eliminate bulk waste in the form of feces

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal GI system

Question 2

Mouth

Answer 2

Oral or buccal cavity

Question 3

Chewing food with the aid of tongue and teeth. Food is broken down into smaller and smaller parts

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion

Question 4

Secreted from three different salivary glands. Also contains ptyalin, a chemical that starts to break down starches

Answer 4

Saliva

Question 5

A rounded mass ready to be swallowed

Answer 5

Bolus

Question 6

A small, finger-shaped portion of soft tissue that hangs from the upper back of the mouth. It prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Answer 6

Uvula

Question 7

Tissue that is shaped something like a funnel, opens into the larynx and esophagus

Answer 7

Pharynx

Question 8

A long, tube-like structure that passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach

Answer 8

Esophagus

Question 9

A small flap of cartilage covered with epithelial tissue. Purpose food and liquid from entering the “wrong tube”

Answer 9

Epiglottis

Question 10

Muscles in the esophageal wall contract intermittently and involuntarily which moves the food bolus downward into the stomach

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

At the lower end of the esophagus is a muscular opening called _________; also called the cardiac sphincter because of its location near the heart, it acts as a doorway between the esophagus and the stomach and prevents backflow of gastric secretions

Answer 11

Lower esophageal sphincter LES

Question 12

The inside of the abdominal cavity is lined with a membrane called __________

Answer 12

Peritoneum

Question 13

Folds on the inside of the stomach that expand when we eat a large amount of food

Answer 13

Rugae

Question 14

Upper portion of the stomach

Answer 14

Fundus

Question 15

Middle portion of the stomach

Answer 15

Body

Question 16

Lower portion of the stomach

Answer 16

Pylorus

Question 17

Very acidic secretions that act on food to continue breaking it down and preparing it for absorption within the intestines

Answer 17

Gastric secretions

Question 18

After the stomach, the food is now referred to as a ________, a more liquid material made up of chewed food, saliva, and digestive juices

Answer 18

Chyme

Question 19

Lies between the pylorus and the small intestine. The sphincter acts as the stomach’s exit way and then releases chyme into the small intestine a little at a time

Answer 19

Pyloric sphincter

Question 20

Most of the digestive action occurs within the __________. Peristalsis continues to move the contents through the three parts of the small intestine. Here, most of the digestion is completed, and most nutrients are absorbed

Answer 20

Small intestine

Question 21

Upper portion of the small intestine

Answer 21

Duodenum

Question 22

Middle portion of the small intestine

Answer 22

Jejunum

Question 23

End portion of the small intestine

Answer 23

Ileum

Question 24

The small intestine is lined with ______, which are tiny, finger like structures surrounded by capillaries and lymphatic vessels. These increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing greater absorption of water and nutrients into the blood

Answer 24

Villi

Question 25

The intersection between the small intestine and the large intestine

Answer 25

Ileocecal valve

Question 26

The first part of the large intestine

Answer 26

Cecum

Question 27

Small tube-like structure called the ________ hangs from the cecum in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Research suggests it may serve as a storage facility for normal bacteria which may serve to repopulate the GI tract if needed. Sometimes it is clogged with intestinal matter and then becomes infected and inflamed, then it must be surgically removed

Answer 27

Appendix

Question 28

The _________progresses upward from the cecum. It takes a 90° turn when it nears the top of the abdomen the liver

Answer 28

Ascending Colon

Question 29

________ passes horizontally across the uppermost part of the abdomen

Answer 29

Transverse colon

Question 30

The __________ descends into the rectum and finally the anus after a 90° turn from the transverse colon

Answer 30

Sigmoid colon

Question 31

How do feces exit the body

Answer 31

Defecation

Question 32

Located in the upper right and center of the abdominal cavity, is the largest glandular organ of the body. Its functions include digestion, absorption, storage, and excretion

Answer 32

Liver

Question 33

______ is a sack 3 to 4 in long, on the inner surface of the liver. It is connected to the common bile duct which also connects to the duodenum. _______ acts as storage pouch for bile. When we eat fatty food it responds by secreting bile into the duodenum through the common bile duct to break down those fats for digestion and absorption

Answer 33

Gallbladder

Question 34

A long, somewhat flat organ the lies just beneath and behind the stomach. Composed of alpha and beta cells. Functions include neutralizing stomach acid, breaking down proteins via trypsin, breaking down fats via lipase, and breaking down carbohydrates via amylase. Secrete hormones insulin and glucagon which work together to regulate blood glucose levels

Answer 34

Pancreas