Chapter 6 Pathology

Question 1

group of disorders generally defined as a reduction in the mass of circulating red blood cells

Answer 1

anemia

Question 2

weakening and bulging of part of a vessel wall

Answer 2

aneurysm

Question 3

heart pain or other discomfort felt in the chest, shoulders, arms, jaw, or neck, caused by insufficient blood and oxygen to the heart; usually a symptom of heart disease

Answer 3

angina

Question 4

loss heart rhythm (rhythmic irregularity)

Answer 4

arrhythmia

Question 5

the most common form of __________, marked by deposits of cholesterol, lipids, and calcium on the walls of arteries, which may restrict blood flow

Answer 5

arteriosclerosis

Question 6

common irregular heart rhythm marked by uncontrolled atrial quivering and a rapid ventricular response

Answer 6

atrial fibrillation

Question 7

soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow in a vessel

Answer 7

bruit

Question 8

serious condition in which the heart becomes compressed from an excessive collection of fluid or blood between the pericardial membrane and the heart

Answer 8

cardiac tamponade

Question 9

group of conditions in which the heart muscle has deteriorated in functions less effectively

Answer 9

cardiomyopathy

Question 10

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body, resulting in lung congestion and dyspnea

Answer 10

Congestive heart failure CHF

Question 11

Condition of right ventricular enlargement or dilation from increased right ventricular pressure; also called pulmonary heart disease or right-sided heart failure

Answer 11

cor pulmonale

Question 12

narrowing the lumen, or inner open space of a vessel, of heart arteries due to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

Answer 12

coronary artery disease CAD

Question 13

Development of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs; also known as thrombophlebitis

Answer 13

deep-vein vein thrombosis DVT

Question 14

serious condition that arises as a complication of another disorder, in which widespread, unrestricted microvascular blood clotting occurs; primary symptom is hemorrhage

Answer 14

Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC

Question 15

undissolved matter floating and blood or lymph fluid that may cause an occlusion and infarction

Answer 15

embolus

Question 16

infection of the inner lining of the heart that may cause vegetation to form within one or more heart chambers or valves

Answer 16

endocarditis

Question 17

quivering of heart muscle fibers instead of an effective heartbeat

Answer 17

fibrillation

Question 18

blood pressure that is consistently higher than 140 systolic, 90 diastolic, or both

Answer 18

Hypertension HTN

Question 19

temporary reduction in blood supply to a localized area of tissue

Answer 19

ischemia

Question 20

rare, life-threatening type of hypertension evidenced by optic nerve edema and extremely high systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 20

malignant hypertension

Question 21

condition in which the mitral valve does not close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium; also called mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence

Answer 21

mitral regurgitation MR

Question 22

condition in which the mitral valve fails to open properly, thereby impeding normal blood flow and increasing pressure within the left atrium and lungs

Answer 22

mitral stenosis MS

Question 23

blowing your swishing sound in the heart, due to turbulent blood flow or backflow through a leaky valve

Answer 23

murmur

Question 24

Death of heart muscle cells due to occlusion of a vessel; commonly called heart attack

Answer 24

myocardial infarction MI

Question 25

condition in which the middle layer of the heart wall becomes inflamed

Answer 25

myocarditis

Question 26

acute or chronic condition in which the fibrous membrane surrounding the heart becomes inflamed

Answer 26

pericarditis

Question 27

Condition of partial or complete obstruction of the arteries of the arms or legs; similar to peripheral vascular disease PVD, which includes both arteries and veins

Answer 27

peripheral artery disease PAD

Question 28

Chronic disorder marked by increased number and mass of all bone marrow cells, especially red blood cells, with increased blood viscosity and a tendency to develop blood clots

Answer 28

polycythemia vera

Question 29

disorder that affects blood vessels in the fingers, toes, ears, and nose, marked by vessel constriction and reduced blood flow in response to triggers such as cold temperature also known as _______ gangrene, ________ phenomenon

Answer 29

Raynaud disease

Question 30

complication of rheumatic fever in which inflammation and damage occur to parts of the heart, usually the valves

Answer 30

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 31

syndrome of inadequate perfusion (circulation of blood, nutrients, and oxygen through tissues and organs) as a result of hypotension or low blood pressure

Answer 31

Shock

Question 32

type of vascular disease associated with tobacco use, marked by inflammation and clot formation within small vessels of the hands and feet, which may lead to gangrene and surgical amputation sometimes called Buerger's disease

Answer 32

thrombolangiitis obliterans TAO

Question 33

bulging, distended veins due to incompetent valves, most commonly in the legs

Answer 33

Varicose veins

Question 34

Diagnostic or therapeutic radiography of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 34

Angiography

Question 35

small computer driven defibrillator that analyzes the patient's rhythm, selects the appropriate energy level, charges the machine, and delivers a shock to the patient

Answer 35

Automated external defibrillator AED

Question 36

very small defibrillator, surgically implanted in patients with a high risk for sudden cardiac death, that automatically detects and treats life-threatening arrhythmias

Answer 36

Automatic implanted cardioverted defibrillator AICD

Question 37

Evaluation of the heart vessels and valves via the injection of dye that shows up under radiology

Answer 37

Cardiac Catheterization

Question 38

emergency procedure that provides manual external cardiac compression and sometimes artificial respiration

Answer 38

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR

Question 39

Restoration of normal sinus rhythm NSR by chemical or electrical means

Answer 39

Cardioversion

Question 40

surgical creation of an alternate route for blood flow around an area of coronary arterial obstruction

Answer 40

Coronary artery bypass graft CABG

Question 41

delivery of an electric shock with the goal of ending ventricular defibrillation in restoring NSR

Answer 41

defibrillation

Question 42

Creation and study of graphic records of electric currents originating in the heart

Answer 42

Electrocardiography ECG, EKG

Question 43

Portable monitoring device that transmits heart rhythms by telephone to a central laboratory, we're dysrhythmias can be detected and analyzed

Answer 43

Event recorder

Question 44

Portable device worn by a patient during normal activity that records heart rhythm for up to 24 hours

Answer 44

Holter monitor

Question 45

Standardized method of checking the prothrombin time; used to monitor and adjust warfarin dosage in order to maintain a balance between clot prevention and excessive bleeding

Answer 45

International normalized ratio INR

Question 46

Device that can trigger the mechanical contractions of a heart by emitting periodic electrical discharges

Answer 46

Pacemaker

Question 47

Measure of blood clotting time, used to monitor heparin therapy; heparin is an anticoagulant medication that slows the clotting time of blood. A balance must be maintained between clot prevention and excessive bleeding

Answer 47

Partial thromboplastin time PTT

Question 48

method of treating a narrowed coronary artery via inflate inflation and deflation of a balloon on a double lumen catheter inserted through the right femoral artery

Answer 48

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA

Question 49

procedure that measures the clotting time of blood; used with the international normalized ratio to assess levels of anticoagulation in patients taking warfarin. A balance must be maintained between clot prevention and excessive bleeding

Answer 49

Prothrombin time PT

Question 50

Treadmill test that can show off the blood supply is reduced in the arteries that supply the heart

Answer 50

Stress test

Question 51

study of the heart via a probe placed in the esophagus

Answer 51

transesophageal echocardiography TEE

Question 52

Protein released into the body by damaged heart muscle, considered the most accurate blood test to confirm the diagnosis of an MI

Answer 52

troponin