Chapter 4 Pathology Terms

Question 1

disease of the sebaceous oil glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas

Answer 1

acne

Question 2

scraping away of skin or mucous membranes

Answer 2

abrasion

Question 3

precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis

Answer 3

actinic keratosis

Question 4

autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair; _____ areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp; _____ totalis causes total scalp hair loss; _____ universalis causes total body hair loss

Answer 4

alopecia

Question 5

common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to a form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed

Answer 5

basal cell carcinoma

Question 6

Large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid

Answer 6

bulla

Question 7

Type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources; classified according to severity as first degree (superficial), second degree (partial thickness), and third degree (full thickness)

Answer 7

burn

Question 8

thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction

Answer 8

callus

Question 9

Very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

Answer 9

carbuncle

Question 10

potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever

Answer 10

cellulitis

Question 11

blackhead

Answer 11

comedo

Question 12

Small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard ones typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes; soft ones usually develop between toes

Answer 12

corn

Question 13

Fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin

Answer 13

cyst

Question 14

area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called pressure ulcer or bed sore

Answer 14

decubitis ulcer

Question 15

discoloration of the skin, bruise

Answer 15

ecchymosis, contusion

Question 16

inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters

Answer 16

eczema

Question 17

small sack or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance, appears pale white or yellow but can be darker and dark skinned people

Answer 17

epidermoid cyst

Question 18

small, crack-like break in the skin

Answer 18

fissure

Question 19

inflammation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching; common on the neck, armpit, and groin area

Answer 19

folliculitis

Question 20

injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze

Answer 20

frostbite

Question 21

infection of a hair follicle in nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland

Answer 21

furuncle

Question 22

bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children

Answer 22

impetigo

Question 23

surgical cut in the flesh

Answer 23

incision

Question 24

surgical cut in the flesh

Answer 24

incision

Question 25

Bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands in enlarges; untreated disease that causes multi-system symptoms

Answer 25

lyme disease

Question 26

flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle

Answer 26

macule

Question 27

aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter

Answer 27

malignant melanoma

Question 28

development of irregular areas of darker pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy

Answer 28

melasma

Question 29

small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole

Answer 29

papule? double check

Question 30

acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, plus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened

Answer 30

paronychia

Question 31

infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs, or nits, attached to hair shafts

Answer 31

pediculosis

Question 32

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots

Answer 32

petechiae (singular petechia)

Question 33

chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath

Answer 33

psoriasis

Question 34

hole or wound made by sharp, pointed instrument

Answer 34

puncture

Question 35

small, pus-filled blister

Answer 35

pustule

Question 36

chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest

Answer 36

rosacea

Question 37

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds of the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, and the groin, and under the beltline

Answer 37

scabies

Question 38

area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky

Answer 38

scales

Question 39

small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semi-solid oily substance called sebum

Answer 39

sebaceous cyst

Question 40

benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin gross of various colors with a warty, waxy, "stuck on" appearance

Answer 40

seborrheic keratosis

Question 41

type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or scaly appearance; may ulcerate

Answer 41

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 42

Fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also cold dermatophytosis or ringworm; forms include _____ capitis (scalp), _____ corporis (trunk), _____ cruris (genital area; jock itch), _____ nodosa (mustache and beard), _____ pedis, and _____ unguium (nails)

Answer 42

tinea

Question 43

lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damage tissues

Answer 43

ulcer

Question 44

clear, fluid-filled blister

Answer 44

vesicle

Question 45

Chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks

Answer 45

vitiligo

Question 46

small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV); appearance varies from tiny to moderate size bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths

Answer 46

wart

Question 47

rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery accompanied by itching

Answer 47

wheal