Chapter 10 Quiz

Question 1

When assessing a patient’s breathing, what is your first question?
Select one:

A.
Is he alive or dead?

B.
Is his breathing adequate or inadequate?

C.
Is he breathing?

D.
Is he seriously ill or mildly ill?

Answer 1

C.
Is he breathing?

Question 2

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called:
Select one:

A.
hypoperfusion.

B.
hypoxia.

C.
hypercapnia.

D.
hyperventilation.

Answer 2

B.
hypoxia.

Question 3

The normal urge to breathe is stimulated by chemoreceptors that measure changing levels of what two gases?
Select one:

A.
Carbon monoxide and oxygen

B.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide

C.
Hydrogen and carbon dioxide

D.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer 3

D.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 4

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute? Assume a pressure of 2,000 psi displayed on the pressure gauge.
Select one:

A.
M cylinder

B.
G cylinder

C.
D cylinder

D.
E cylinder

Answer 4

D.
E cylinder

Question 5

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:
Select one:

A.
apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

B.
insert a nasal airway and ventilate.

C.
suction the airway with a rigid suction catheter.

D.
administer 4 lpm of oxygen via nasal cannula.

Answer 5

A.
apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

Question 6

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck. After removing the regulator from the old cylinder, removing the old cylinder, and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment, you attempt to connect the regulator. The new cylinder is yellow rather than green, but it was stored with the green cylinders. You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn. You should:
Select one:

A.
attempt to force the regulator onto the cylinder.

B.
remove the yellow cylinder and get a green cylinder.

C.
replace the oxygen regulator with a new one.

D.
put the old cylinder back on the truck.

Answer 6

B.
remove the yellow cylinder and get a green cylinder.

Question 7

While ventilating an intubated patient with a bag-valve-mask-unit, you notice increased resistance to the ventilations. This may indicate that:
Select one:

A.
the patient is becoming more alert and is breathing independently.

B.
cardiac arrest is imminent.

C.
the gag reflex is returning.

D.
air is escaping through a hole in the lung and filling the pleural space.

Answer 7

D.
air is escaping through a hole in the lung and filling the pleural space.

Question 8

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?
Select one:

A.
100%

B.
16%

C.
50%

D.
21%

Answer 8

C.
50%

Question 9

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.
Select one:

A.
4

B.
6

C.
2

D.
8

Answer 9

B.
6

Question 10

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi.
Select one:

A.
200

B.
500

C.
1,000

D.
300

Answer 10

A.
200

Question 11

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true?
Select one:

A.
It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

B.
The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria.

C.
It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device.

D.
The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis.

Answer 11

A.
It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Question 12

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?
Select one:

A.
When continuation of a respiratory challenge causes the systems to fail, the pupils to dilate, and the skin to become hot and dry due to the demand for oxygen.

B.
When a patient who is short of breath presents in the tripod position with noisy respirations that suddenly clear up and return to normal.

C.
When a compensatory mechanism is no longer needed and the patient goes into respiratory arrest.

D.
When continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.

Answer 12

D.
When continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.

Question 13

You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient’s head to a neutral position. “Why? This is not a pediatric patient!” your partner protests. What would you say?
Select one:

A.
Elderly patients should never have their heads tilted back because spinal curvatures are common and can prevent airway positioning.

B.
It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.

C.
Stoma breathers should only have their airways positioned after placement of the ventilation device.

D.
Using the head-tilt, chin-lift prior to clearing any mucus plugs from the stoma can cause airway occlusion.

Answer 13

B.
It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.

Question 14

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a “man down.” As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first?
Select one:

A.
Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

B.
Obtain the patient’s medical history.

C.
Listen to his lung sounds.

D.
Check for a radial pulse.

Answer 14

A.
Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?
Select one:

A.
Nasal cannula

B.
Simple face mask

C.
Nonrebreather mask

D.
Oropharyngeal airway

Answer 15

C.
Nonrebreather mask

Question 16

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?
Select one:

A.
Pop-off valve

B.
Grease plug

C.
Gasket

D.
Medical grade adhesive tape

Answer 16

C.
Gasket

Question 17

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright?
Select one:

A.
Pressure-compensated flowmeter

B.
High-pressure flowmeter

C.
Constant flow selector valve

D.
All flowmeters must be used upright

Answer 17

A.
Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Question 18

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure?
Select one:

A.
Flowmeter

B.
Regulator

C.
Filter

D.
Float ball

Answer 18

B.
Regulator

Question 19

Which of the following can cause respiratory depression?
Select one:

A.
High concentrations of oxygen depress breathing when the patient has an allergic reaction to administered oxygen.

B.
End-stage COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered.

C.
The eyes develop scar tissue on the retina from high concentrations of oxygen, leading to breathing becoming depressed.

D.
The lungs react unfavorably to high concentrations of oxygen administered for long periods of time and breathing becomes depressed.

Answer 19

B.
End-stage COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli?
Select one:

A.
Air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs.

B.
Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

C.
Blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs.

D.
Blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacs, and diffusion occurs.

Answer 20

B.
Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

Question 21

What two measurements are multiplied to calculate the minute volume?
Select one:

A.
Respiratory rate and bronchial dilation

B.
Tidal volume and dead space air

C.
Tidal volume and respiratory rate

D.
Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate

Answer 21

C.
Tidal volume and respiratory rate

Question 22

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:
Select one:

A.
reduce the concentration of oxygen.

B.
begin chest compressions.

C.
reduce the volume of the ventilations.

D.
increase the concentration of oxygen.

Answer 22

C.
reduce the volume of the ventilations.

Question 23

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
Select one:

A.
pulmonary respiration.

B.
cellular respiration.

C.
diffusion.

D.
internal respiration.

Answer 23

A.
pulmonary respiration

Question 24

What are the signs of hypoxia?
Select one:

A.
Irreversible shock caused by the lack of blood flowing to the vital organs like the brain and heart

B.
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient’s mental status

C.
Disease process that robs the patient of adequate breathing and perfusion

D.
Warm dry skin, difficulty breathing, and hypertension

Answer 24

B.
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient’s mental status

Question 25

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is a normal color and his pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: Select one: A. failure. B. distress. C. arrest. D. hypoxia.

Answer 25

B. distress.

Question 26

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected after striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first? Select one: A. Perform a rapid trauma assessment. B. Apply a cervical collar. C. Apply a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow rate of 15 lpm. D. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

Answer 26

D. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

Question 27

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? Select one: A. Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 2,000 psi in the tank. B. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration. C. Insert a properly sized oropharyngeal airway. D. Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and wait for the patient's heart rate to slow.

Answer 27

B. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Question 28

A ________ is not typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration. Select one: A. partial rebreather mask B. nasal cannula C. regulator D. tracheostomy mask

Answer 28

A. partial rebreather mask

Question 29

A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient? Select one: A. Give mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula, providing the patient with an increase of oxygen. B. Use a pocket mask, which will provide adequate oxygen to improve the patient's condition. C. Supplement the breaths with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. D. Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

Answer 29

D. Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

Question 30

Which of the following patients does not require the administration of supplemental oxygen? Select one: A. A 6-year-old male with a history of asthma whose breath sounds are silent and who is drowsy B. A 31-year-old male who is unresponsive due to an overdose of narcotics C. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband D. A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who can speak two or three words at a time without a breath

Answer 30

C. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband

Question 31

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: Select one: A. ventilation. B. inhalation. C. respiration. D. tidal volume.

Answer 31

A. ventilation.

Question 32

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? Select one: A. Consult with medical control about restraining the patient. B. Use a nasal cannula instead. C. Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation. D. Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further.

Answer 32

B. Use a nasal cannula instead.

Question 33

Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal bleeding require oxygen to maintain internal respiration? Select one: A. A lack of oxygen in the air decreases the oxygen diffused into the bloodstream, which creates an increase of carbon dioxide. B. A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability of the blood. C. The swelling of the abdominal space causes the diaphragm to be restricted, which will reduce the thorax space. D. The remaining red blood cells have a reduction of hemoglobin that reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported.

Answer 33

B. A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability of the blood.

Question 34

What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation? Select one: A. Bag-valve mask B. Stoma C. Automatic transport ventilator D. Pocket face mask

Answer 34

D. Pocket face mask

Question 35

Which of the following best describes inadequate breathing? Select one: A. The respiratory rate is faster than normal. B. The minute volume is greater than normal. C. The minute volume is less than normal. D. The respiratory rate is slower than normal.

Answer 35

C. The minute volume is less than normal.

Question 36

Why is inhalation described as an active process? Select one: A. It requires the diaphragm to contract and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. B. It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. C. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. D. It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Answer 36

C. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Question 37

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called: Select one: A. external respiration. B. oxygenation. C. hyperventilation. D. internal respiration.

Answer 37

D. internal respiration.

Question 38

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? Select one: A. Rapid breathing, pale skin, and normal mental status B. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, clammy skin, altered mental status C. Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, clammy skin, normal mental status D. Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, normal skin, normal mental status

Answer 38

B. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, clammy skin, altered mental status

Question 39

A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute will generally provide the patient what percentage of oxygen? Select one: A. 24-44 B. 90-100 C. 80-90 D. 16-21

Answer 39

C. 80-90

Question 40

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? Select one: A. It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space. B. The lungs may not have adequate time to fill and exchange gas. C. The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement. D. The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases it.

Answer 40

B. The lungs may not have adequate time to fill and exchange gas.

Question 41

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration? Select one: A. A patient with quadriplegia B. A patient with a stoma C. A patient with upper airway inflammation D. A patient with chronic bronchitis

Answer 41

B. A patient with a stoma

Question 42

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? Select one: A. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute. B. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. C. You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing. D. Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag.

Answer 42

B. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

Question 43

What is not one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system? Select one: A. 15/25 respiratory fitting B. Self-refilling shell C. Nonrebreathing D. Non-jam valve

Answer 43

A. 15/25 respiratory fitting

Question 44

The paramedic is intubating a patient and asks you to assist by gently pressing your thumb and index finger to either side of the throat just over the patient's Adam's apple. As you press, you gently direct the throat upward and to the patient's right. What is the purpose of this maneuver? Select one: A. It lessens the patient's gag reflex and eases tube insertion. B. It pushes the patient's vocal cords into the paramedic's view. C. It prevents the tube from entering the right mainstem bronchus. D. It keeps the tube from becoming displaced and entering the esophagus.

Answer 44

B. It pushes the patient's vocal cords into the paramedic's view.

Question 45

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with: Select one: A. carbon monoxide. B. humidified air. C. inhaled air. D. nitrogen.

Answer 45

C. inhaled air.

Question 46

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? Select one: A. Blue B. Black C. Orange D. Green

Answer 46

D. Green