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HTH 210 - Medical Termnology > Chapter 10 - The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

an/o

A

Anus

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3
Q

append/o, appendici/o

A

Appendix

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4
Q

bil/i

A

Bile

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5
Q

cec/o

A

Blind intestine, Cecum

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6
Q

chol/e

A

Bile, gall

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7
Q

cholededoch/o

A

Common Bile Duct

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8
Q

Col/o, colon/o

A

Colon

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9
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder, Sac

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10
Q

Dent/o

A

Teeth

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11
Q

Duoden/o

A

Twelve, Duodenum

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12
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

Esophag/e, Esophag/o

A

Gullet, esophagus

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14
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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16
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

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17
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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18
Q

Ile/o

A

To roll, ileum

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19
Q

Jejun/o

A

Empty, Jejunum

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20
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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21
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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22
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Sweetbread, pancreas

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23
Q

Peps/o, Pept/o

A

Digestion

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24
Q

Peritone/o

A

To stretch over, peritoneum

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25
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum or anus

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26
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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27
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

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28
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva

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29
Q

Sigm/o

A

The letter s, sigmoid colon

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30
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

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31
Q

Digestive System

A
  • Converts food into a form the body can use for energy, growth, and repair
  • Derived from the latin word “digestus” which means to divide, dissolve or set in order
  • -Performs all 3
  • Occurs gradually as food passes through the GI Tract
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32
Q

Digestion

A
  • Primary Function: Breaks down food particles into their small subunits
    • Performed by enzymes and mechanical digestion is achieved by chewing in the mouth and mixing/churning actions produced by muscles in the walls of the stomach
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33
Q

Intestinal Flora

A

May cause infection if spread; bacteria in GI tract

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34
Q

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

the digestive tract - forms a long continuous tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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35
Q

small intestine (3 segments)

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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36
Q

large intestine (3 segments)

A

cecum, colon, and rectum

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37
Q

digestion

A

the breakdown of food particles into their small subunits (primary function of the digestive system)

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38
Q

chemical digestion

A

performed by enzymes

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39
Q

mechanical digestions

A

achieved by chewing in the mouth and mixing and churning actions produced by muscles in the walls of the stomach

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40
Q

digestive system other functions

A
  1. absorption of nutrients, which occurs across the walls of the small intestine
  2. formation of solid waste, int he form of feces, and its elimination from the body
  3. conservation of water, which occurs as water is absorbed across the walls of the small and large intestine
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41
Q

head and neck specialist

A

head and neck specialist treats a disease in the mouth or throat

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42
Q

gastroenterologist

A

treats stomach or intestinal disease

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43
Q

proctologist

A

treats disease of the rectum

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44
Q

hepatobiliary specialist

A

treats disease of the liver

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45
Q

oncologist

A

treats cancer

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46
Q

a-

A

without, absence of

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47
Q

dia-

A

dia- through

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48
Q

dys-

A

bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

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49
Q

re-

A

back

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50
Q

flux/o

A

flux/o flow

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51
Q

halit/o

A

halit/o breath

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52
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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53
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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54
Q

streat/o

A

fat

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55
Q

-algia

A

condition of pain

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56
Q

-dynia

A

condition of pain

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57
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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58
Q

-emia

A

condition of blood

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59
Q

-ia

A

condition of

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60
Q

-megaly

A

abnormally large

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61
Q

-osis

A

condition of

62
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

63
Q

aphagia

A

the inability to swallow

64
Q

ascites

A

ascites an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen - it is also a sign of liver disease, congestive heart failure, or irritation to the peritoneum

65
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements - it is a sign of an intestinal disorder

66
Q

diarrhea

A

diarrhea a frequent discharge of watery fecal material - a sign of infection by virus, bacteria, or protozoa

67
Q

dyspepsia

A

“constitution of difficult digestion” - commonly called indigestion, and is accompanied by stomach or esophageal pain or discomfort

68
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing and is accompanied by a sore throat

69
Q

flatus

A

“a blowing” - the presence of gas or air in the GI tract

70
Q

flatulence

A

flatulence gas expelled through the anus

71
Q

gastrodynia

A

stomach pain - aka gastralgia or abdominal pain

72
Q

halitosis

A

“bad breath”

73
Q

hematemesis

A

hematemesis “vomiting blood” - a sign of severe digestive disorder

74
Q

hepatomegaly

A

“abnormally large liver” - abnormal enlargement of the liver

75
Q

jaundice

A

a yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissues is a collective sign of liver disease - jaundice results form the accumulation of oil pigments in the bloodstream, that are normally removed by the liver

76
Q

nausea

A

a symptom of dizziness that includes an urge to vomit

77
Q

N&V

A

nausea accompanied by vomitting

78
Q

reflux

A

reflux “back flow” - a back wards flow of material in the GI tract, or regurgitation

79
Q

steatorrhea

A

“discharge of fat” - abnormal levels of fat in the feces is a sign of digestive malfunction

80
Q

an-

A

without, absence of

81
Q

mal-

A

bad

82
Q

aden/o

A

gland

83
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

84
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

85
Q

chol/e

A

gile, gland

86
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

87
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange

88
Q

col/o

A

colon

89
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticulum

90
Q

hem/o

A

blood

91
Q

lip/o

A

fat

92
Q

lith/o

A

stone

93
Q

orex/o

A

appetite

94
Q

parot/o

A

parotid gland

95
Q

pept/o

A

digestion

96
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp/o small growth

97
Q

volv/o

A

to roll

98
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

99
Q

-ectasis

A

expansion, dialiation

100
Q

-iasis

A

condition of

101
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

102
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

103
Q

-malacia

A

softening

104
Q

-oid

A

resembling

105
Q

-oma

A

tumor

106
Q

-pathy

A

disease

107
Q

-penia

A

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

108
Q

-sis

A

state of

109
Q

-y

A

process of

110
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

“nervous condition of absence of appetite” - an emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food because of a compulsion to become thin in appearance

111
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

112
Q

bulimia

A

bulimia a common eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced committing or laxative abuse

113
Q

cheilitis

A

cheilitis inflammation of the lip, also known as cheilosis

114
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder - caused by stones lodged within the gallbladder (gallstones)

115
Q

choledochitis

A

inflammation of the common bile duct

116
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

the presence of stones within the common bile duct

117
Q

cholelithiasis

A

a generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts

118
Q

cirrhosis

A

“condition of orange” - a chronic, progressie liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue

119
Q

cleft palate

A

cleft palate a congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth, or hard palate, fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral cavity and nasal cavity - often accompanied by an opinion in the upper lip called a cleft lip

120
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the segment of the large intestine known as the colon

121
Q

colorectal cancer

A

Cancer of the colon and of the rectum

122
Q

Crohn disease

A

a chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract (most commonly the ileum) that involves ulceration, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall - also known as regional ileitis or regional enteritis

123
Q

diverticulosis

A

the presence of diverticula (small pouches on the wall of the colon) - often without symptoms or with mild bowel discomfort

124
Q

diverticulitis

A

the inflammation of diverticula, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer

125
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

an ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine

126
Q

dysentery

A

an acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants, and is characterized by severe diarrhea - means “difficult intestine”

127
Q

enteritis

A

the inflammation of the small or large intestine

128
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

129
Q

esophagomalacia

A

a morid softening of the esophageal wall cause by chronic esophagitis

130
Q

esophageal cancer

A

cancer of the esophagus caused by chronic esophagitis

131
Q

food-borne illness

A

AKA food poisoning - ingestion of food contaminated with harmful bacteria causing symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting

132
Q

botulism

A

life-threatenting disease caused by an extremely toxic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum

133
Q

gastrectasis

A

abnormal stretching, or dilation, of the stomach - may be caused by overeating, obstruction of the pyloric opening, or hiatal hernia

134
Q

gastromegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the stomach

135
Q

gastric cancer

A

an aggressive, metastatic cancer arising from cells lining the stomach - commonly known as stomach cancer

136
Q

gastric ulcer

A

an ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the stomach - often caused by an imbalance between the secretion of the protective mucous layer and the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

137
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

  1. the acute form of this is usually caused by an improper set or an infection
  2. the chronic form may be caused by a chronic bacterial infection, peptic ulcers, or gastric cancer
138
Q

gastroenteritis

A

if the small intestine is involved in the inflammation

139
Q

gastroduodenitis

A

if the first segment of the small intestine, the duodenum, is specifically involved

140
Q

gastroenterocolitis

A

inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon all at once

141
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

a recurring back flow, or reflux, or stomach contents into the esophagus - usually the result of a weakened esophageal sphincter and produces the burning pain of indigestion

142
Q

gastromalacia

A

the softening of the stomach wall, which may occur during advanced stages of stomach cancer and other chronic diseases of the stomach

143
Q

giardiasis

A

Infection by the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis or Giardia lambia produceing symptoms of diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting - it is usually contracted by drinking contaminated water

144
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums or gingivae - usually caused by chronic bacterial activity at the junction of the teeth and gums

145
Q

glossopathy

A

any disease of the tongue

146
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue often caused by exposure to allergens, toxic substances, or extreme heat or cold - an example of glossopathy

147
Q

hemorrhoids

A

“resembling leakage of blood” - a varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed

148
Q

viral hepatitis

A

a viral-induced inflammation of the liver

149
Q

malignant hepatoma

A

a tumor arising from cells within the liver, also called hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC

150
Q

hernia

A

an abnormal protrusion through a body wall

HTH 210 - Medical Termnology (11 decks)

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