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HTH 210 - Medical Termnology > Chapter 7 & 8 - Blood, Immunology, the Lymphatic System and the Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 7 & 8 - Blood, Immunology, the Lymphatic System and the Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Combining Form: aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

Combining Form: bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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3
Q

Combining Form: blast/o

A

germ, bud, developing cell

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4
Q

Combining Form: erthyr/o

A

red

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5
Q

Combining Form: hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

- hemat/o is derived from the greek word for blood: haima

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6
Q

Combining Form: immun/o

A

exempt, immunity

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7
Q

Combining Form: leuk/o

A

white

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8
Q

Combining Form: lymph/o

A

clear water or fluid

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9
Q

Combining Form: path/o

A

disease

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10
Q

Combining Form: splen/o

A

spleen

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11
Q

Combining Form: thromb/o

A

clot

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12
Q

Combining Form: thym/o

A

wartlike, thymus gland

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13
Q

Combining Form: tox/o

A

poison

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14
Q

blood

A
  • part of the cardiovascular system, and included in the lymphatic system
  • primary function is to transport O2, CO2, hormones, enzymes, nutrients, and waste materials
  • protects from infectious disease & regulates body temperature
  • includes a watery medium called plasma that carries two types of cells: RBCs and WBCs
  • includes fragments of cells called platelets that trigger the formation of blood clots to reduce blood loss following an injury
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15
Q

lymph

A
  • carries the components of immunity such as WBCs and the products they use to fight infection.
  • blood and lymph are intertwined because lymph is formed from blood during capillary exchange and rejoins the bloodstream later
  • primary function: protection from infectious diseases
  • recycles fluids from the extracellular environment to the bloodstream
  • involved in the fight against infection along with blood
  • filters and recycles fluid to the bloodstream
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16
Q

hematology, hematopathologist/hematologist

A
  • general field of medicine focusing on blood related disease
  • physician specializing in the treatment of disease associated with blood
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17
Q

immunology

A
  • field of medicine that treats infectious diseases

- subspecialties: virology (study of viruses) and bacteriology (study of bacteria)

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18
Q

Prefix: An-

A

without, absence of

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19
Q

Prefix: Iso-

A

equal

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20
Q

Prefix: Macro-

A

large

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21
Q

Prefix: Poly-

A

excessive, over, many

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22
Q

Combining Form: Cyt/o

A

cell

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23
Q

Combining Form: Poikil/o

A

irregular

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24
Q

Suffix: -emia

A

condition of blood

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25
Q

Suffix: -ia

A

condition of

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26
Q

Suffix: -lysis

A

loosen, dissolve

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27
Q

Suffix: -megaly

A

abnormally large

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28
Q

Suffix: -osis

A

condition of

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29
Q

Suffix: -penia

A

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

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30
Q

Suffix: -rrhage

A

abnormal discharge

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31
Q

bacteremia

A
  • the presence of bacteria in a sample of blood is a sign of infection
  • condition of bacteria in the blood
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32
Q

erythropenia

A

describing an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood

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33
Q

hemolysis

A

rupture of the red blood cells in a blood transfusion due to the incompatibility with the recipient’s blood

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34
Q

hemorrhage

A

abnormal loss of blood from circulation that is a sign of trauma or illness

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35
Q

leukopenia

A
  • abnormally reduced number of WBCs in a sample of blood

- also called leukocytopenia

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36
Q

macrocytosis

A
  • presence of abnormally large RBCs in a sample of blood

- condition of large cell

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37
Q

poikilocytosis

A
  • occurs when more than 10% of the cells have irregular shapes
  • condition of the irregular cell
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38
Q

polycythemia

A
  • abnormal increase in the number of RBCs in the blood resulting from a genetc mutation within cells of the red bone marrow
  • also called erythrocytosis
  • condition of the red cell
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39
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the spleen as a symptom of injury or infection
- abnormally large spleen

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40
Q

thrombopenia

A
  • abnormally reduced number of blood platelets in a sample of blood
  • also called thrombocytopenia
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41
Q

toxemia

A
  • presence of toxins in the bloodstream

- condition of blood poison

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42
Q

anisocytosis

A

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

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43
Q

Prefix: Ana-

A

up, toward

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44
Q

Prefix: Mon/o-

A

one

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45
Q

Combining Form: Aut/o

A

self

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46
Q

Combining Form: Botul/o

A

sausage

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47
Q

Combining Form: Fung/o

A

fungus

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48
Q

Combining Form: Globin/o

A

protein

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49
Q

Combining Form: Hydr/o

A

water

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50
Q

Combining Form: Iatr/o

A

physician

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51
Q

Combining Form: Idi/o

A

individual

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52
Q

Combining Form: Necr/o

A

death

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53
Q

Combining Form: Nosocom/o

A

hospital

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54
Q

Combining Form: Nucle/o

A

kernel, nucleus

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55
Q

Combining Form: Sept/o

A

putrefying; wall or partition

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56
Q

Combining Form: Staphylococc/o

A

Staphylooccus (bacterium)

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57
Q

Combining Form: Streptococc/o

A

Streptococcus (bacterium)

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58
Q

Suffix: -genic

A

pertaining to producing, forming

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59
Q

Suffix: -ial

A

pertaining to

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60
Q

Suffix: -ic

A

pertaining to

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61
Q

Suffix: -ism

A

condition or disease

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62
Q

Suffix: -oma

A

tumor

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63
Q

Suffix: -osis

A

condition of

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64
Q

Suffix: -pathy

A

disease

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65
Q

Suffix: -philia

A

loving, affinity for

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66
Q

Suffix: -phobia

A

fear

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67
Q

Suffix: -phylaxis

A

protection

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68
Q

Suffix: -rrhagic

A

pertaining to abnormal discharge

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69
Q

AIDS

A
  • aquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  • caused by the the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which disables the immune response by destroying important white blood cells known as “helper T cells”
  • alloes opportunistic diseases to proliferate, such as pneumonia caused by Pneumocytis jiroveci, dementia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, etc that may cause death
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70
Q

allergy

A
  • the body’s immune response to allergens (foreign substances thata produce a reaction including immediate inflammation)
  • may strike in different forms, the most common being: allergic rhinitis (hayfever) that affects the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and throat, and allergic dermatitis which affects the sin where it has been in physical contact with the allergen
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71
Q

anaphylaxis

A

immediate reaction to a foreign substance that incleds rapid inflammation, vasodilation, bronchospasms, and spasms of the GI tract; can become life-threatening if medical information is not available

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72
Q

anemia

A
  • absence of blood, without blood
  • reduced ability of RBCs to deliver O2 to tissues. a result of a reduced number of normal circulating blood cells or a reduction in the amount of the O2 binding protein in RBCs called hemoglobin
  • aplastic anemia: the red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells
  • iron-deficiency anemia: caused by a lack of available iron, resulting in the body’s inability to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin
  • sickle cell anemia: hemoglobin is defective within cells, resulting in misshapen red blood cells that cause obstructionsin blood vessels
  • pernicious anemia: caused by a failure to acquire vitamin B12 into the bloodstream for its delivery to the red bone marrow, which requires it in order to produce new red blood cells
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73
Q

anthrax

A
  • bacterial disease that has been threatened to be used in bioterrorism (the application of disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens) to cause harm to a population)
  • spores of the bacteria can survive within a powder that can be distributed through the air, making it dangerous
  • derived from the greek word “anthrakos” meaning coal
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74
Q

autoimmune disease

A
  • a disease that is caused by a person’s own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues
  • literally meaning self-exempt, or self-immunity
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75
Q

botulism

A
  • form of lethal food-borne illness caused the ingestion of food contaminated with the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium “Clostridium botulinum”
  • occurs when food is not prepared properly
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76
Q

communicable disease

A

disease capable of transmission from one person to another, aka contagious disease

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77
Q

diptheria

A
  • infectious disease resulting from acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat
  • derived from the greek word for leather
  • characterized by the formation of an obstructive leather-like membrane in the throat
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78
Q

dyscrasia

A
  • derived from the greek word dyskrasia meaning difficult temperament
  • any abnormal conditon of the blood, named after a correlation between a difficult temperament and blood disease was observed
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79
Q

edema

A
  • leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causes swelling and is one aspect of inflammation
  • derived from the greek word “oidema” meaning swelling
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80
Q

fungemia

A
  • fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by way of the bloodstream, common term for this infection is fungal septicemia
  • condition of blood fungus
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81
Q

hematoma

A
  • mass of blood outside blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body, usually in a clotted form
  • commonly known as a bruise or contusion when it is visible through the skin, the result of injury or disease
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82
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A
  • term for disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells, literally meaning disease of blood protein
  • ie sickle cell anemia
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83
Q

hemophilia

A
  • inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood clotting proteins that are necessary components in the coagulation process, patient experiences an abnormal loss of blood
  • literally means “love for blood”
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84
Q

hemorrhagic fever

A

infectious disease that causes internal bleeding or internal hemorrhage , caused by viruses such as ebola and some forms exhibit a high rate of mortality

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85
Q

iatrogenic disease

A

condition caused by a medical treatment

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86
Q

immunodeficiency

A
  • condition resulting from a defective immune response, occurs when there are insufficient numbers of functional WBCs, especially lymphocytes
  • immunocompromised: used to describe a patient suffering from an immunodeficiency
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87
Q

immunosuppression

A

a reduction of an immune response may be caused by disease or by the use of chemical, pharmacological, or immunologic agents, the supressed status of the immune response that results

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88
Q

incompatibility

A

combination of two blood types that results in the destruction of RBCs, may occur during a blood transfusion causing severe consequences if the donor blood antibodies attack the recipient’s RBCs

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89
Q

infection

A
  • multiplication of disease-causing microorganisms or pathogens
  • derived from the latin word infectus which means to color, stain or dye
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90
Q

inflammation

A
  • physiological process that serves as the body’s initial response to injury and many forms of illness involves the swelling of body tissue
  • results from the movement of plasma from the capillaries into the extracellular space to produce edema or fluid accumulation in the tissue.
  • symptoms: swelling, redness, heat, and pain
  • derived from the latin word: inflammatio meaning ignit or to set ablaze
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91
Q

influenza

A

viral disease characterized by fever and an acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranses, commonly called the flu and highly contagious and capable of mutating to escape detection by WBCs

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92
Q

leukemia

A
  • form of cancer that literally means condition of white blood cells
  • originates from cells within the bloodforming tissue of the red marrow, transforming the blood-forming tissue into a dysfunctional mass that produces abnormal WBCs in very large numbers and RBCs in fewer numbers
  • symptoms: immunodeficiency, development of opportunistic infections, malaise (low energy) resulting from the reduced production of RBCs
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93
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes, the acute form is common during infections, the chronic form indicates a more serious disorder may be the cause ie lymphoma

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94
Q

lymphoma

A
  • general term for a form of cancer that begins in a type of white blood cell, called a lymphocyte
  • named after the english physician Thomas Hodgkin who in 1845 first described this cancer of the lymphatic tissue with symptoms of swollen lymph nodes and fatigue and the development of numerous infections
  • two main categories: Hodgkin lymphoma (contains altered lymphocytes called Reed-Sternberg cells) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which includes fast-growth and slow-growth forms
  • NHL is expected to cause 70,800 cases and 18,990 deaths, wheras Hodgkin Lymphoma causes 9,190 cases and 1,180 deaths
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95
Q

malaria

A
  • disease caused by a protozoan that infects red blood cells and the liver during different parts of its life cycle
  • literally means “bad air”
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96
Q

measles

A
  • acute viral disease that often begins as a fever, followed by the development of a skin rash containing numerous vesicles and often accompanied by a general inflammation of the respiratory tract
  • clinical synonym: rubeola
  • measles derived from english word maselen meaning many little spots
  • rubeola derived from latin word rubeus, meaning red
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97
Q

mononucleosis

A
  • viral disease characerized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatigue
  • also called infectious mononucleosis
  • caused by Epstein-Barr virus and is a communicable disease
  • presence of abnormally high numbers of a certain type of WBCs called mononuclear leukocytes in a blood sample that increase in number to destroy the virus
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98
Q

necrosis

A
  • death of one or more cells or a portion of a tissue or organ
  • derived from the greek word nekrosis meaning death
  • when dead, described as necrotic
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99
Q

nosocomial infection

A
  • infectious disease contracted during a hospital stay
  • nosocomal derived from the greek word nosokomeion meaning hospital
  • common cause: lack of handwashing, made worse by the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus
100
Q

plague

A

any infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality

  • derived from the latin word plago meaning to strike or beat
  • originated from the first bubonic plague in 542 AD, still applies to today’s bubonic caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis and characterized by high fever, skin eruptions (buboes) and discoloration, internal hemorrhage and pneumonia
  • transmitted by the bite of a flea that may jump from small mammals to humans
101
Q

rabies

A

viral infection spread from the saliva of an infected animal, usually via a bite

  • in latin, rabies means savage, fierce
  • virus acts on the CNS to cause paranoia and paralysis
  • also called hydrophobia, refers to the symptom of fear of water appearing during the stage of mental deterioration
102
Q

septicemia

A
  • systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood
  • condition of putrefying (decaying) blood
  • Sept derived from greek word sepsis, meaning putrefying
  • person suffering from this disease would be referred to as septic
103
Q

smallpox

A
  • viral disease caused by the variolavirus that was the scourge of the human population prior to its eradication in 1975, but reserves of variola remain in storage for research purposes
  • 1st used 1400 AD to distinguish the disease from syphilis, the great pox
104
Q

staphylococcemia

A
  • presence of the bacterium stapphylococcus in the blood
  • frequent cause of infections in wounds, a complication of normal healing.
  • an infection caused by staphylococcus is called a staph infection
  • most common cause of food borne illness, skin inflammation, osteomylitis
  • resistant strains abbreviated: MRSA methicillin-resistant staphylcoccus aureus
105
Q

streptococcemia

A

presence of the bacterium streptococcus in the blood

  • commonly called a strep infection
  • begins in the throat as a form of pharyngitis (strep throat) or in the mouth following a dental procedure, and if not managed may spread to the bloodstrea,, which distributes the infection to vital organs
106
Q

tetanus

A
  • disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacterium clostridium tetani
  • toxin acts on the CNS to cause convulsions and spastic paralysis
  • derived from the latin word tetanos meanins convulsive tension
  • can be obtained from a puncture wound that is not properl cleaned, but is easily prevented w/ periodic vaccination
107
Q

thymoma

A

tumor originating in the thymus gland

108
Q

antibiotic therapy

A
  • therapeutic treatment involving the use of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria
  • may be obtained from a fungus, usually a mold or other bacteria
  • effective only agains bacteria, many types of which are capable of developing resistance, especially when anitbiotics are not administered properly
109
Q

anticoagulant

A
  • chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood
  • administerd to reduce the likelihood of clot information after surgery
  • most common agent is warfarin
110
Q

aniretroviral therapy

A

pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly called retroviruses

  • used against the virus that caused AIDS/HIV
  • drugs form a cocktail that includes nucleoide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibiors, which block HIV replication by a variety of means
111
Q

attenuation

A
  • process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent or infectious prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation
  • derived from the latin term attenuatus meaning to make thin
112
Q

autologous transfusion

A
  • transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use
  • means pertaining to study of self
  • common procedure before a surgery to avoid potential incompatibility or contamination of blood
113
Q

blood chemistry

A

a test/series of tests on a sample of plasma to mesure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes

114
Q

blood culture

A
  • clincal test to determine infection in the blood
  • performed by placing a sample of blood in a nutrient-rich liquid medium in an effort to grow populations of bacteria for analysis
115
Q

blood transfusions

A
  • introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient’s circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels
  • two types: autologous transfusion & homologous transfusion
116
Q

bone marrow transplant

A
  • common procedure to treat leukemia or injury resulting from radiation therapy or chemo
  • involves the removal of a sample from a compatible donor, usually from red marrow in the pelvism and its innoculation into the donor’s red marrow
117
Q

coagulation time

A
  • timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood clot form
  • one form: prothombin time (PT) measures the time required for prothombin, a precursor protein, to form thrombin. that acts on the blood protein fibrinogen to form fibrin, a threadlike protein that coagulates blood. used to monitor the effects of anticoagulants
  • partial rhomboplastin time (PTT) used to evaluate clotting ability
118
Q

complete blood count

A

common lab test that evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic info about a patient’s general health, abbreviated to CBC, includes several specific tests including hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, and white blood count, and sometimes a platelet count

119
Q

differential count

A

microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood
- uses staining techniques to highligh the features of WBCs allowing the hematologist to distinguich between the types

120
Q

hematocrit

A
  • procedure included in a complete blood count that measures the percentage of RBCs in a voulme of blood.
  • abbreiated HCT
  • obtained by centifuging a sample of blood to separate the cells from plasma in the centrifuge tube
121
Q

hematology

A

general field of medicine focusing on blood-relatied disease

122
Q

hemoglobin

A
  • procedure included in a complete blood count that measures the level of hemoglobin in RBCs
  • abbreviated HGB
  • any level below normal is diagnosed as a form of anemia
123
Q

hemostasis

A
  • physiological process: stoppage of bleeding

- standing still blood

124
Q

homologous transfusion

A
  • transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person
  • requires blood-type work called crossmathing to prevent incompatibility
125
Q

immunization

A

treatment that establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease

126
Q

immunology

A

science concerned with immunity and allergy

127
Q

immunotherapy

A

treatment of infectious disease and certain cancers by the administeration of pharmacological agents such as serum, gamma globulin, treated antibodies, and supressive drugs

128
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes

129
Q

platelet count

A
  • lab procedure that calculates the number of platelets in a known volume of blood
  • PLT
130
Q

prophylaxis

A

any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection of other type of disease

131
Q

red blood count

A
  • lab test included in a complete blood count that measures the number of RBCs within agiven volume of blood
  • RBC
132
Q

splenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen due to rupture

133
Q

thrombolysis

A

treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot or thrombus

134
Q

vaccination

A

inoculation of a foreign substance that has reduced virulence or a reduced ability to cause infection as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis

135
Q

vaccine

A

preparatiion that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious agent

136
Q

Combining Form: Angi/o

A

blood vessel

137
Q

Combining Form: Aort/o

A

aorta

138
Q

Combining Form: Arter/o, Arteri/o

A

artery

139
Q

Combining Form: Arti/o

A

atrium

140
Q

Combining Form: Cardi/o

A

heart

141
Q

Combining Form: Coron/o

A

crown or circle, heart

142
Q

Combining Form: My/o, Mys/o

A

muscle

143
Q

Combining Form: Pector/o

A

chest

144
Q

Combining Form: Valvul/o

A

little valve

145
Q

Combining Form: Vas/o

A

vessel

146
Q

Combining Form: Vascul/o

A

little vessel

147
Q

Combining Form: Ven/o

A

vein

148
Q

Combining Form: Ventricul/o

A

little belly, ventricle

149
Q

cardiovascular system

A
  • achieves the movement and transportation of blood
  • consists of the heart and blood vessels
  • continuous flow of blood to the tissues is ital to maintain all bodily functions
  • functions:
    1. propulsion of blood by the heart
    2. transport of blood to all body tissues by the blood vessels
    3. exchange of materials between the blood and the body tissues
150
Q

cardiovascular disease

A
  • often due to the reduction or stoppage of blood flow to one or more parts of the body, resulting in the death of cells
151
Q

cardiology

A

division of medicine that provides clinical treatment for heart disease
- cardiologist: physician specialzing in this area/field of medicine

152
Q

Combining Form: Cyan/o

A

blue

153
Q

Combining Form: Sten/o

A

narrow

154
Q

Combining Form: Rhythm/o, rrhythym/o

A

rhythm

155
Q

Prefix: Brady-

A

slow

156
Q

Prefix: Dys-

A

bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

157
Q

Prefix: Tachy-

A

rapid, fast

158
Q

Suffix: -a

A

singular

159
Q

Suffix: -algia, -dynia

A

condition of pain

160
Q

Suffix: -genic

A

pertaining to producing, forming

161
Q

Suffix: -ia, -osis

A

condition of

162
Q

Suffix: -plegia

A

paralysis

163
Q

Suffix: -sis

A

state of

164
Q

Suffix: -spasm

A

sudden involuntary muscle contraction

165
Q

angina pectoris

A
  • primary symptom og an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart
  • chest pain
  • in latin, literally means chest choke
166
Q

angiospasm

A
  • common combining form of a blood vessel

- abnormal muscular contractions or spasms of the smooth muscles forming the vessel walls

167
Q

angiostenosis

A
  • narrowing of a blood vessel (sign of CVD) causing a reductionog blood flow to the part of the body at the receiving end of tha narrowed vessel
  • literally means condition of a narrow blood vessel
168
Q

arrythmia

A
  • loss of the normal rhythm of the heart
  • condition without a rhythm
  • synonym: dysrhythmia
169
Q

bradycardia

A
  • abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 60 bpm

- normal/resting heart rate is 60-90 bpm

170
Q

cardiodynia

A
  • chest pain –> most common term for chest pain (CP)

- cardiodynia is an alternate term for this symptom

171
Q

cardiogenic

A
  • referring to a sign or symptom that originated from a conditon of the heart
  • ie angina pectoris, caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart
172
Q

cyanosis

A
  • symptom in which a blue tinge is seen in the skin and mucous membranes
  • literally means condition of blue
  • caused by O2 deficiency in tissues and is a common sign of repiratory failure often caused by CVD
173
Q

palpitation

A
  • symptom of pounding, racing or skipping of the heartbeat

- derived from the latin word “palpitatus” meaning a throbbing

174
Q

tachycardia

A
  • rapid heat rate, possible symptoms of heart disease if the heart exceeds 100 bpm at rest
175
Q

syncope

A
  • temporary loss of consciousness and posture
  • commonly known as fainting
  • result of a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
  • derived from the greek word “synkope” meaning to cut short
176
Q

Prefix: endo-

A

within

177
Q

Prefix: epi-

A

upon, over, above, on top

178
Q

Prefix: hyper-

A

excessive, abnormally high, above

179
Q

Prefix: hypo-

A

deficient, below, abnormally low

180
Q

Prefix: peri-

A

around

181
Q

Prefix: poly-

A

excessive, over, many

182
Q

Combining Form: Arther/o

A

fatty plague

183
Q

Combining Form: Isch/o

A

hold back

184
Q

Combining Form: Phleb/o

A

vein

185
Q

Combining Form: scler/o

A

hard

186
Q

Combining Form: Tampon/o

A

plug

187
Q

aneurysm

A
  • abnormal bulging of an arterial wall
  • derived from the greek word aneurysma meaning a widening
  • caused by a congenital heart defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall which worsens in time as blood is pushed against it
188
Q

angiocarditis

A
  • inflammation of the heart and blood vessels

- caused by a widespread bacterial infection of the blood or septicemia

189
Q

angioma

A
  • a tumor arising from a blood vessel
  • aka hemangioma: carries a second meaning of red or purple birthmark on the skin that does not obstruct blood flow
  • benign clump of endothelium forming a mass that may or may not obstruct the flow of blod through the vessel
190
Q

aortic insufficiency

A
  • when the aortic valve fails to close completely during ventricular diastole and blood returns to the left ventricle, causing the left ventricle to work harder
  • abbreviated “AI”
  • chronic condition of the heart known as congestive heart failure
  • alternate term: aortic regurgitation
191
Q

aortic stenosis

A
  • narrowing of the aortic valve, located between the l ventricle and aorta. causes the left ventricle to work harder than normal
192
Q

aortitis

A

inflammation of the aorta, caused by a bacterial infection that can lead to aortic insufficiency

193
Q

arteriopathy

A

general term for a disease of an artery

194
Q

arteriosclerosis

A
  • common form of arteriopathy
  • artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, resulting in a reduced flow of blood to the tissues
  • risk increases with age
  • if coronary arteries supplying the heart are damaged by the disease, the condition is called arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
195
Q

atherosclerosis

A
  • when describing a specific form of arteriosclerosis, where one or more fatty plaques form along the inner walls of arteries
  • plaques thicken with time, which reduces the flow of blood through the affected vessel
  • condition of hard fatty plaque
  • major cause of coronary artery disease
196
Q

atrial septal defect

A
  • general condition present at birth that centers on a malfunction of the heart called a congenital heart disease
  • occurs when the infant’s heart allows blood to move between the two atria bc of a small opening in the wall separating them
  • results in a reduction of blood flow to the lungs
  • the tissues of an infant with atrial septic defect become starved with oxygen
197
Q

atriomegaly

A
  • atria have become abnormally enlarged or dilated, reducing their ability to push blood into the ventricles
198
Q

atrioventricular block

A

injury caused by a myocaridal infarction during which the cells of the AV node die due to a loss of blood flow

199
Q

cardiac arrest

A
  • cessation of the heart
  • abbreviated SCA, sudden cardiac arrest
  • cause of myocardial infarction or heart attack
200
Q

cardiac tamponade

A
  • acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity
  • complication of an inflammatory disease of the pericardium known as pericarditis
  • pertaining to heart plug process
201
Q

cardiomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the heart, heart must work harder than normal to meet the O2 demands of body cells

202
Q

cardiomyopathy

A
  • general term for disease of the myocardium of the heart

- common causes: coronary artery disease, viral infection and stress during pregnancy

203
Q

cardiovalvulitis

pg 201

A

inflammation of the valves of the heart

204
Q

coarctation

A

congenital heart disease affecting the infant’s aorta, derived from the latin word “coarcto” meaning to press together, causes reduced systemic circulation of blood and accumulation of fluid in the lungs and requires surgical repair

205
Q

congestive heart failure

A
  • CHF
  • chronic form of heart disease characterized by the failure of the l ventricle to pump enough blood to supply systemic tissues
206
Q

cor pulmonale

A

chronic enlargement of the r ventricle resulting from congestion of the pulmonary circulation

  • french word that literally means heart lung
  • r ventricular failure
207
Q

coronary artery disease

A

general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteris suppling the heart
- most common form: atheriosclerosis

208
Q

coronary occlusion

A

blockage within a coronary artery resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart muscle
- most common single cause is atherosclerosis that may lead to emboli and a congenital stenosis

209
Q

embolism

A

blockage or occlusion that forms when a blood clot or other foreign particle moves through the circulation
- derived from the greek term embolisma: meaning piece or patch

210
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endocardium, the thin membrane lining the inside walls of the heart chambers; an acute disease caused by bacterial infection

211
Q

fibrillation

202

A

condition of uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the muscle forming the ventricles or atria

212
Q

heart block

A

block or delay of the normal electrival conduction of the heart

213
Q

heart murmur

203

A

abnormal sound heard during auscultation

214
Q

hemorrhoids

A

presence of dilated, or varicose veins in the anal region
- produces symptoms of local pain and ithing, resulting from too much pressure on the veins in the anal wall, producing swollen veins in the anal columns

215
Q

hypertension

A

persistently high blood pressure

216
Q

hypotension

A

condition of abnormally low bp

217
Q

ischemia

A

abnormally low flow of blood to the tissues

218
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of a portion of the myocardium, also called a heart attack

219
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium of the heart

220
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

a congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta due to a failure of the fetal vessel to close

221
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart, the pericardium

222
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

223
Q

polyarteritis

A

simultaneous inflammation of many arteries

224
Q

septicemia

A

systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood

225
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

a severe congenital disease in which four defects associated with the heart are present at birth

226
Q

thrombosis

A

presence of stationary blood clots within one or more vessels

227
Q

varicose

A

abnormally dilated vein

228
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

congenital disease in which an opening in the septum separating the right and left ventricles is present at birth (VSD)

229
Q

Combining Form: Ech/o, son/o

A

sound

230
Q

Combining Form: Electr/o

A

electricity

231
Q

Combining Form: sphygm/o

A

pulse

232
Q

Combining Form: man/o

A

thin, scanty

233
Q

angiography

A

diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photography, MRI, or CT scans of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium

234
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel

235
Q

angioscopy

A

procdure involving the use of a flexible fiber optic instrument or endoscope to observe a diseased blood vessel and to access any lesions

236
Q

angiostomy

A

surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into a blood vessel

237
Q

angiotomy

A

surgical incision into a blood vessel

238
Q

aortography

A

procedure that obtains an x-ray image, MRI or CT scan image of the aorta

239
Q

arteriography

A

procedure that obtains an image of an artery

240
Q

arteriotomy

A

incision into an artery, performed to repair an injured artery during a procedure known as an arterioplasty

241
Q

auscultaion

A

part of a physical exam that involved listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope

242
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of a narrow flexible tube through a blood vessel leading into the heart to withdraw blood samples from heart chambers

243
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A

battery powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the inner wall of the heart to help control abnormal heart rhythms.

244
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

emergency procedure that is used to maintain some blood flow to vital organs until the heart can be restarted

245
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

surgical procedure that involves removing a blood vessel from another part of the body and inserting it into the coronary circulation

246
Q

coronary stent

A

artificial metallic scaffold that is used to support an injured blood vessel, compress an atherosclerotic plaque, or anchor a surgical implant or graft in a coronary artery that is occluded to restore blood flow to an O2 deproved part of the heart

247
Q

defibrillation

A

electric charge applied to the skin of the chest with paddles using an automated external defibrillator (AED)
- alternately a smaller device may be implanted under the skin, it is called an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

HTH 210 - Medical Termnology (11 decks)

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