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HTH 210 - Medical Termnology > Chapter 4 - The Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Combining Form: abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

Combining Form: anter/o

A

front

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3
Q

Combining Form: brachi/o

A

arm

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4
Q

Combining Form: cardi/o

A

heart

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5
Q

Combining Form: caud/o

A

tail

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6
Q

Combining Form: cephal/o

A

head

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7
Q

Combining Form: cervic/o

A

neck

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8
Q

Combining Form: chondr/i

A

gristle, cartilage

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9
Q

Combining Form: cran/o, crani/o

A

skull

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10
Q

Combining Form: cyt/o

A

cell

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11
Q

Combining Form: dist/o

A

distant

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12
Q

Combining Form: dors/o

A

back

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13
Q

Combining Form: femor/o

A

thigh, femur

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14
Q

Combining Form: gastr/o

A

stomach

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15
Q

Combining Form: glute/o

A

buttock

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16
Q

Combining Form: hom/o, home/o

A

same

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17
Q

Combining Form: ili/o

A

flank, hip, groin

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18
Q

Combining Form: infer/o

A

below

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19
Q

Combining Form: inguin/o

A

groin

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20
Q

Combining Form: later/o

A

side

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21
Q

Combining Form: lumb/o

A

loin, lower back

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22
Q

Combining Form: medi/o

A

middle

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23
Q

Combining Form: organ/o

A

tool

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24
Q

Combining Form: pelv/o

A

bowl, basin

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25
Q

Combining Form: physi/o

A

nature

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26
Q

Combining Form: pleur/o

A

pleura, rib

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27
Q

Combining Form: poster/o

A

back

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28
Q

Combining Form: proxim/o

A

near

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29
Q

Combining Form: super/o

A

above

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30
Q

Combining Form: thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

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31
Q

Combining Form: tom/o

A

to cut

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32
Q

Combining Form: umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

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33
Q

Combining Form: ventr/o

A

belly

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34
Q

anatomy

A

the process of cutting up, used first by the greeks who used the cadaver dissection to explore body structure

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35
Q

physiology

A

the study of nature. concerned with body functions and helps explain how the body works

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36
Q

homeostasis

A

the process of maintaining internal stability

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37
Q

atom

A

simplest building block of the body

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38
Q

molecules

A

atoms bound together

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39
Q

organelles

A

nonliving structures such as parts of cells

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40
Q

cell

A

assembled of organelles , most basic form of life in the body

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41
Q

tissues

A

formed by cells; four categories: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

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42
Q

organ

A

made of two or more tissues, maintains a certain shape and performs a general function

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43
Q

system

A

a group of organs sharing a general function; there are 11 total in the body

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44
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Major Organs: Major Arteries, Heart, Major Veins

General Function: Transport substances to and from body cells

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45
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Major Organs: Tonsils, Thymus, Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph nodes
General Function: Remove unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the blood

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46
Q

Respiratory System

A

Major Organs: Pharynx, Nose, Larynx, Bronchi, Left and Right Lung, Trachea
General Function: Exchange gases between the external environment and blood

47
Q

Digestive System

A

Major Organs: Pharynx, Mouth, Salivary Glands, Esophagus, Liver, Gallbladder, Colon, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Stomach
General Function:Prepare foods for absorption into the bloodstream, and eliminate solid wastes from the body

48
Q

Urinary System

A

Major Organs: Urinary Bladder, Kidneys, Ureters, Urethra

General Function: Remove nitrogenous wastes and excess water and salts from the bloodstream

49
Q

Female Reproductive

A

Major Organs: Mammary Glands, Fallopian Tube, Uterus, Ovary, Vagina
General Function: Provide for creation of new individuals

50
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Major Organs: Vas Deferens, Prostate, Urethra, Penis, Testis

General Function: Provide for creation of new individuals

51
Q

Nervous System

A

Major Organs: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
General Function: Control homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses

52
Q

Endocrine System

A

Major Organs: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Ovary (female), Testis (male)
General Function: control homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions

53
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Major Organs: Bone, Muscle, Joint, Tendon
General Function: Muscles produce movement of the body parts; bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, allow movement by forming attatchments to muscles, store minerals, and form blood cells

54
Q

Integumentary System

A

Major Organs: Hair, Skin, Nails

General Function: Protect body from flid loss, injury and infection

55
Q

Directional Terms

A

words used to describe the relative location of the body or its parts

56
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Erect posture with face forward, arms at the sides, palms of the hands facing forward, and legs together with feet pointing forward

57
Q

Superior

A

pertaining to above

58
Q

Dorsal/Posterior

A

pertaining to the back

59
Q

Ventral/Anterior

A

pertaining to the front or belly side

60
Q

Inferior

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

61
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

62
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side

63
Q

Superficial

A

toward the body surface, external

64
Q

Deep

A

inward from the surface of the body, internal

65
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the origin of attatchment to the trunk

66
Q

Distal

A

Away from the origin of attachment to the trunk

67
Q

Anatomical Planes

A

divide the body into imaginary sections that are useful in describing the location of body parts relative to one another

68
Q

Plane

A

imaginary flat field that is used as point of reference for viewing three dimensional objects

69
Q

Frontal/Coronal

A

Vertical Plane passing from side to side, dividing the body int anterior/posterior

70
Q

Sagital

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions; midsagittal if divided into equal portions and parasagittal if uneven

71
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal Plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

72
Q

Regions

A

regions of the body are areas that give healthcare workers the ability to communicate possible problems that may be revealed during a physical imagination

73
Q

Thoracic Region

A

Chest

74
Q

Abdominal Region

A

Abdomen

75
Q

Head

A

Subdivisions: face, cranium

76
Q

Neck

A

Subdivisions: Anterior Neck, posterior neck

77
Q

Upper Appendages (upper limbs)

A

Subdivisions: Shoulder, axilla (armpit), brachium (upper arm), elbow, antebrachium (forearm), carpus (wrist), manus (hand), digits (fingers)

78
Q

Trunk (torso)

A

Subdivisions: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Back

79
Q

Lower Appendages (lower limbs)

A

Subdivisions: Gluteus (buttock), femorous (thigh), knee, crus (leg), tarsus (ankle), pes (foot), digits (toes)

80
Q

Abdominal

A

Subregions:

  • epigastric (top of the stomach)
  • hypochondriac (below the cartilage of the ribs)
  • iliac (pertaining to the hip or groin)
  • lumbar (pertaining to the loin)
  • umbilical: pertaining to the navel
  • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
  • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
  • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
  • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
81
Q

Cavities

A

spaces that are partially filles with organs, connecting structures, and fluids; membrane lined and filled with viscera

82
Q

Viscera

A

internal content of the cavities

83
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

includes the cranial cavity (houses the brain), and the spinal cavity (houses the spinal cord)

84
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

much larger than the dorsal cavity; divided by the diaphragm (divides the ventral cavity into an upper and lower cavity)

  • is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity (lies within the abdomniopelvic area
  • is inferior to the thoracic cavity
  • -pleural cavities are w/i the thoracic
85
Q

Pericaridal Cavity

A

lies along the midline of the thoracic cavity, contains the heart

86
Q

Mediastinum

A

lies along the midline and is deep to the breastbone or sternum, contains the large blood vessels contained above the heart and the thymus

87
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains liver, stomach pancreas, spleen, and most of the small and large intestines

88
Q

pelvic cavity

A

begins at the level of the iliac crest and continues to the base of the abdominopelvic cavity.

contains:
- urinary bladder
- internal reproductive organs
- parts of the large and small intestines

89
Q

Combining Form: chron/o

A

time

90
Q

Combining Form: path/o

A

disease

91
Q

disease

A

when a body fails to maintain homeostasis

92
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

93
Q

pathos

A

greek word for suffering or disease

94
Q

pathologist

A

a physician who specializes in pathology; manages a clinical lab that evaluates data about patients to assist other healthcare professionals

95
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of an illness, must be established before a treatment program
(dia-): through
(-gnosis): knowledge

96
Q

symptoms

A

experiences of the patient as a result of the disease; ie dizziness, loss of balance, mental confusion, pain, heat, cold, pressure, numbness, loss of appetite, etc.

97
Q

sign

A

a finding that can be discovered by an objecive examination such as a physical or a lab exam

98
Q

fever

A

elevated body temperature, common symptom of an infectious disease

99
Q

acute

A

disease of a short duration

100
Q

coryza

A

head cold, an acute disease

101
Q

chronic

A

develop slowly over time and last for many years

102
Q

psoriasis

A

skin condition, a chronic disease

103
Q

infection

A

one of the most common forms of disease

104
Q

etiology

A

cause of a disease; ie the etiology of malaria is a microscopic protozoan called plasmodium passed on by the bite of an infected anopheles mosquito

105
Q

trauma

A

physical injury

106
Q

traumatic disease

A

disease resulting from trauma

107
Q

prognosis

A

the probable course of a disease and its’ outcome

108
Q

diagnostic imaging

A 
noninvasive procedure using instruments to observe the internal structures and foundations without the need for open surgical procedures
five major types:
- endoscopy
- CT scan
- PET scan
- MRI
-ultrasound
109
Q

endoscopy

A

use of a long, flexible tube that can be inserted into a patient, with a camera fixated at the end of the tube or surgical attachments to manipulate the interanl body parts whil viewing a monitor

110
Q

CT scan

A

diagnostic procedure that combines mulitple x-rays and computer enhancement to produce 3d images of internal body structures; acronym for Computed Tomography Scanning

111
Q

PET scan

A

procedure that detects the jouney of a radioactive-labeled substance, such as glucose, through the body. PET scan instrument contains scanners that respond to radiolabeled glucose and computers that create an image to track the pathway of the glucose as it is metabolized by body cells. reveals the parts of the body that have unusually high metabolic rate, ie tumors.
acronym for Positron Emission Tomography

112
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging; includes magnets that respond to hydrogen atoms in the body by sending signals to a computer that analyzes the information to produce 3d images; can be used to diagnose many forms of cancer, joint disease, and trauma

113
Q

ultrasound imaging

A

(sonography) includes the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region. waves travel through and produce echoes that can be detected by a probe and interpreted by a computer.

114
Q

pulmonic

A

pertaining to the lung

HTH 210 - Medical Termnology (11 decks)

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