Chapter 11

Question 1

an experiment with all the features of an experiment but lacks control

Answer 1

quasi-experiment

Question 2

Major ways that quasi-experiments are lacking

Answer 2

Indépendant variable is not manipulated
Dependant variable does not have control of some part of the measurement
Extraneous environmental variables
Participant characteristics

Question 3

When to use a quasi-experiment

Answer 3

The effects of social programs or interventions when participants have something that cannot be manipulated like depression

Question 4

Why not use a quasi-experiment

Answer 4

they are more vulnerable to interval validity threats

Question 5

What does an “O” mean in a quasi-experiment design

Answer 5

observation or measurement period

Question 6

What does an “X” mean in a quasi-experiment design

Answer 6

the treatment

Question 7

The basic threats to internal validity

Answer 7

History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, regression to the mean, attrition

Question 8

A treatment occurs and afterwards the dependent variable is measured once

Answer 8

One group post-test only design

Question 9

Why use a one group post-test only design

Answer 9

used in knowledge retention studies or after a program

Question 10

Limitations to a one group post-test only design

Answer 10

There is no way to know participants baseline

Question 11

A dependant variable is measured once before and once after treatment

Answer 11

one group pretest-postest design

Question 12

Why use a one group pretest-posttest design

Answer 12

Capable of assessing the amount of change from a treatment

Question 13

Limitations on one group pretest-posttest design

Answer 13

All the threats to internal validation are possible alternative explanation

Question 14

A dependent variable is repeatedly measured in intervals before and after a treatment

Answer 14

simple interrupted time-series design

Question 15

why use a simple interrupted time-series design

Answer 15

helps rule out the threats of maturation, testing and regression

Question 16

Stituations in which, at the start of a study, participants in the various conditions already differ on a characteristic

Answer 16

selection

Question 17

The interaction of selection with another threat to internal validity

Answer 17

section interactions

Question 18

Selection x history

Answer 18

participants in one group experience outside events that don’t effect the other

Question 19

Selection x maturation

Answer 19

when one group’s behaviour is modified and the other’s is not

Question 20

selection x testing

Answer 20

one group experiences testing effects

Question 21

selection x instrumentation

Answer 21

there is an issue in the measurement tools in one group

Question 22

selection x regression

Answer 22

one group is selected on the basis of extreme scores

Question 23

selection x attrition

Answer 23

one group has a lot of people who drop out

Question 24

participants in one condition are exposed to a treatment and then both groups take the post-test

Answer 24

posttest -only design with a non-equivalent control group

Question 25

Issues with posttest -only design with a non-equivalent control group

Answer 25

you cannot compare the two groups based on change because there is no pretest

Question 26

A pretest and posttest is conducted with one group getting the treatment in-between

Answer 26

pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

Question 27

Advantages of a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

Answer 27

provides information to judge effectiveness of treatment, how much the dependent variable changed, and informs about types of threats present

Question 28

Limitations pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group

Answer 28

Cannot control for selection x history

Question 29

a series of pre- and postreatement scores are taken from two groups at certain times

Answer 29

Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

Question 30

Advantages Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

Answer 30

Allows us to know if the treatment caused the change and compare the change with another group

Question 31

Limitation Interrupted time-series design with a nonequivalent control group

Answer 31

Still lacks control over all threats of internal validity

Question 32

One group receives a treatment and a nonequivalent group initially does not receive the treatment but is then exposed to it at a later point in time

Answer 32

switching replication design

Question 33

Pretest postest design with switching replication advantages

Answer 33

Stronger support for the findings, provides more information about internal valitity threats

Question 34

the initial treatment group no longer receives the treatment when the groups are switched.

Answer 34

switching replication with treatment removal

Question 35

The evaluation of research methods to assess the need for change or effectiveness. Quasi experiments are used to do this

Answer 35

program evaluation

Question 36

Benefits of program evaluation

Answer 36

help organizations determin if a new program is needed, if it is effective, if it needs improvement, and if scientific findings can be used in the real world

Question 37

constraints of program evaluation

Answer 37

Usually asked for by stakeholders who expect certain results

Question 38

Compontents of a program evaluation

Answer 38

needs assessment, program theory and design assessment, outcome evaluation and efficiency assessment

Question 39

Determines whether there is a need for a social program

Answer 39

needs assessment

Question 40

the rational for why a program has been designed in a certain way

Answer 40

program theory and design assessment

Question 41

Determines whether a program is being implemented as intended

Answer 41

process evaluation

Question 42

What to include in a process evaluation

Answer 42

1. is the program being delivered as attended 2. is the person qualified to deliver it 3. is the members of the target population getting the program 4. is the correct amount getting the program

Question 43

Assesses a program's effectivness

Answer 43

outcome evaluation

Question 44

Occurs when knowledge, services or other experiences that are intended for one group are unintentionally received by another group

Answer 44

contamination

Question 45

the program's effectiveness and benefits in relation to costs

Answer 45

efficiency assessment

Question 46

the process of implementing a program to new groups while maintaining effectiveness

Answer 46

program diffusion

Question 47

Phases of a program diffusion

Answer 47

dissemination, adoption, implementation , sustainablity