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EMT > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Vitals you take on everyone

A

Respiration

Pulse

Skin

Pupils

Blood pressure

potentially spo2

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2
Q

sounds audible with stethoscope

A

wheezing

rales

rhonchi

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3
Q

Wheezing

A

Constriction (narrowing) and inflammation reducing the internal diameter of the bronchioles in the lung

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4
Q

rales

A

crackling/Fluid surrounding and filling the alveoli

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5
Q

Rhonchi

A

mucus blocking the larger bronchioles

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6
Q

abnormal respiratory patterns

A

cheyne stokes

biot

apneustic

ataxic

agonal

kussmaul

central neurogenic hyperventilation

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7
Q

cheyne stokes

A

respiratory rate and tidal volume gradually increase and gradually decrease followed by a period of apnea for up to 10 seconds. The pattern then repeats itself.

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8
Q

biot

A

Similar to Cheyne Stokes except that the tidal volume doesn’t change, but the respiratory pattern is interrupted by a period of apnea

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9
Q

apneustic

A

characterized by prolonged periods of inhalation.

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10
Q

ataxic

A

irregularly irregular pattern of rate and tidal volume.

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11
Q

agonal

A

Long periods of apnea with a gasping breath interposed.

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12
Q

Kussmaul

A

A rapid respiratory rate with a deep and labored tidal volume

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13
Q

central neurogenic hyperventilation

A

sustained deep and rapid respiratory rate of at least 25 breaths per minute but with a regular pattern.

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14
Q

adult HR

A

60-100

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15
Q

adolescent 12-15 yr old hr

A

60-100

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16
Q

school age 6-11 hr

A

75-118

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17
Q

preschool age 3-5 hr

A

80-120

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18
Q

toddler age 1-2 hr

A

98-140

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19
Q

infant 1-12 month hr

A

100-180

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20
Q

neonate birth-1month hr

A

100-205

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21
Q

tachycardia

A

heart rate >100

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22
Q

Bradycardia

A

heart rate<45

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23
Q

neonatal bradycaardia

A

heart rate<100

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24
Q

Rapid, regular, and full pulse potential problems

Study These Flashcards
A

Exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure, or very early stage of blood loss

25
Rapid, regular, and thready pulse potential problems
Reliable sign of shock, often evident in early stage of blood loss
26
slow pulse potential problems
Head injury, barbiturate or narcotic use, some poisons, possible cardiac problem or other medical conditions such as hypothyroidism
27
strong pulse
a pulse that is both full and normally strong
28
weak pulse
a pulse that doesn’t feel full or may be difficult to find and palpate. A weak pulse may also be quite rapid. The general term for a weak, rapid pulse is “thready.”
29
bounding pulse
abnormally strong pulse
30
irregular pulse
occurs at irregular intervals, which may indicate a cardiac disease. An irregular pulse can be regularly irregular or irregularly irregular
31
regular irregular pulse
is one in which the irregular beat occurs at a regular interval and has a pattern.
32
irregular irregular pulse
has no predictable pattern and presents as a chaotic rhythm.
33
pulsus paradoxus
decrease in the strength of the pulse during the inspiratory phase of the patient. This may be an indication of a severe cardiac or respiratory injury or illness, or significant blood loss.
34
pallor skin color potential problems
Vasoconstriction, blood loss, shock, heart attack, fright, anemia, fainting, or emotional distress
35
cyanosis skin color potential problems
inadequate oxygenation or perfusion (shock), inadequate respiration, or heart attack
36
flushing skin color potential problems
Heat exposure or carbon monoxide poisoning (late)
37
jaundice skin color potential problems
liver disease
38
hot skin temp potential problems
fever or heat exposure
39
cool skin temp potential problems
poor perfusion or cold exposure
40
cold skin temp potential problems
extreme cold exposure
41
wet/moist skin potential problems
Shock, heat emergency, or diabetic emergency
42
abnormally dry skin potential problems
Spinal injury, dehydration, heat stroke, poisoning, or hypothyroidism
43
dilated pupils potential problems
Cardiac arrest (pupils will also be fixed), drug use such as LSD, amphetamines, or cocaine
44
constricted pupils potential problems
CNS disorder, or drug use
45
unequal pupil potential problems
Stroke, head injury, artificial eye (occasionally a normal finding), eye drops, or eye trauma
46
nonreactive pupil potential problems
Cardiac arrest, brain injury, eye drops, or drug intoxication or overdose
47
average adult bp
120/80
48
adult prehypertension
121-139/81-89
49
adult systolic hypertension
bp > 140
50
adult diastolic hypertension
bp>90
51
child age 1-10 bp
lower limit of a normal systolic blood pressure would be calculated by taking 70 plus 2 x child age/diastolic blood pressure is normally two-thirds the systolic blood pressure
52
pulse pressure
difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure ex 120-80= 40
53
narrow pulse pressure
pulse pressure is less than 25 percent of the systolic blood pressure
54
widened pulse pressure
pulse pressure is greater than 50 percent of the systolic blood pressure
55
orthostatic vital signs/tilt test
This is done by placing the patient in a supine position and measuring his blood pressure and heart rate, then standing the patient up and, after 2 minutes, reassessing the blood pressure and heart rate.
56
positive orthostatic vital signs
If, while the patient is standing, the heart rate increases by greater than 10–20 bpm and the systolic blood pressure decreases by 10–20 mmHg as compared to the readings taken while the patient was supine, it is a positive orthostatic test, which typically indicates a significant loss of blood or fluid volume
57
if patient is stable how often do you take vitals
15 min if possible
58
if patient is unstable how often do you take vitals
every 5 minutes

EMT (17 decks)

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