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EMT > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

poison

A

any substance—liquid, solid, or gas—that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or contacts the skin.

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2
Q

toxicology

A

the study of toxins, antidotes, and the effects of toxins on the body

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3
Q

4 routes poisons enter the body

A

ingestion
injection
inhalation
absorption

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4
Q

ingested poison

A

one that is swallowed and enters the gastrointestinal system

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5
Q

common ingested poisons

A

Prescription medications

Over-the-counter medications

Illegal drugs (illicit)

Household products

Cleaning agents (soaps, detergents, alkalis)

Foods

Insecticides

Petroleum products

Plants

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6
Q

common causes of accidental ingestion

A

Taking too much of a medication because of not understanding the directions, particularly in elderly patients

Combining alcohol with drugs

Storing poisons in food or drink containers

Keeping poisonous substances within the reach of children

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7
Q

hydrogen sulfide odor

A

rotten eggs

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8
Q

naphthalene/camphor odor

A

moth balls

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9
Q

cyanide odor

A

bitter almonds

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10
Q

acetone odor

A

fruity/sweet

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11
Q

organophosphates odor

A

garlic

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12
Q

petroleum distillates odor

A

gasoline

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13
Q

chloral hydrates odor

A

pears

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14
Q

methsalicylate odor

A

mint

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15
Q

phosgene odor

A

fresh mowed hay

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16
Q

inhaled poison

A

poisonous vapor or fume that is breathed in

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17
Q

common inhaled poisons

A

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide from industrial sites, sewers, and wells

Chlorine gas (common around swimming pools)

Fumes from liquid chemicals and sprays

Ammonia

Sulfur dioxide (used to make ice)

Anesthetic gases (ether, nitrous oxide, chloroform)

Solvents used in dry cleaning, degreasing agents, or fire extinguishers

Industrial gases

Incomplete combustion of natural gas

Hydrogen sulfide (sewer gas)

Nitrogen dioxide from fermented grain

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18
Q

commonly abused inhaled poisons

A

Paints

Freon

Gas propellants

Glue

Nitrous oxide

Amyl nitrate

Butyl nitrate

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19
Q

s/s of respiratory tract burns

A

Singed nasal hairs

Soot in the sputum

Soot in the throat

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20
Q

injected poison

A

one that enters the body through a break in the skin, usually by the intentional injection of a drug or by the bite or sting of an animal or insect.

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21
Q

absorbed poison

A

a chemical or substance from a poisonous plant that enters through the skin—generally causes a burn, a lesion, or an inflammation.

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22
Q

food most commonly associated with poisoning

A

Eggs

Chicken

Ready-to-eat foods (cheese, processed meat)

Untreated water or unpasteurized milk

Fish

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23
Q

salmonella

A

From contaminated food and water, or from undercooked food

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24
Q

campylobacter

Study These Flashcards
A

Common poisoning from contaminated poultry, milk, and water

25
E. Coli
Severe gastrointestinal poisoning from numerous contaminated foods, undercooked foods, and untreated (contaminated) water
26
Staphylococcus aureus
Food poisoning from unhygienic food preparation, associated with foods served cold (such as desserts, custards, and salads)
27
Carbon monoxide s/s
Headache Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) Dizziness (early) Nausea and vomiting Altered mental status (confusion early, unresponsive late) High pulse oximeter reading
28
early s/s of cyanide
Headache Confusion Agitation or combative behavior Burning sensation in the mouth or throat Dyspnea Hypertension Bradycardia or tachycardia Smell of bitter almonds
29
late s/s of cyanide
Seizures Coma Hypotension Pulmonary edema Cardiac dysrhythmias Cardiac arrest Acidosis
30
what makes cyanide so dangerous?
it is an extremely dangerous poison because it interferes with the use of oxygen at the cellular level.
31
acid/alkalis s/s
Burns to the mouth and lips, and around the face Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing, drooling) Pain to the lips, mouth, and throat Abdominal pain Hoarseness or dysphasia (difficulty speaking) Stridor Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Evidence of shock from perforation of the stomach or esophagus
32
hydrocarbons
substances that are produced from crude oil, coal, or plant sources. They are commonly found in kerosene, naphtha, turpentine, mineral oil, toluene, and benzene
33
hydrocarbons s/s
Coughing, choking, crying Burns to mouth or contact area Stridor Dyspnea Wheezing Tachypnea Cyanosis Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Belching Fever Seizures Coma Altered mental status Headache, dizziness, and dulled reflexes (obtunded) Slurred speech Cardiac dysrhythmias
34
methanol s/s
Altered mental status (confusion, unresponsiveness) Seizures Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Blurred vision Dilated pupils that are sluggish to respond to light Visual changes (seeing spots) Blindness Dyspnea Tachypnea
35
isopropanol s/s
occur rapidly, usually within 30 minutes following ingestion Respiratory depression Altered mental status Slow respirations, shallow tidal volume Abdominal pain Bloody vomitus (hematemesis) Signs of shock
36
Ethylene Glycol
poisoning occurs in 3 stages commonly found in detergents, radiator antifreeze, windshield deicers, and coolants
37
ethylene glycol first stage s/s
occurs 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion and primarily affects the central nervous system Uncoordinated movements Slurred speech Altered mental status Nausea and vomiting Seizures Hallucinations
38
Ethylene glycol 2nd stage s/s
cardiopulmonary occurs 12–24 hours after ingestion and primarily affects the heart and lungs. Tachypnea Crackles upon auscultation, indicating pulmonary edema Cyanosis Dyspnea Respiratory distress Heart failure
39
Ethylene Glycol 3rd stage s/s
Renal system occurs from 24 to 72 hours following ingestion of the ethylene glycol and affects the kidneys. Production of little urine (oliguria) or no urine (anuria) Bloody urine (hematuria) Pain to the flank areas
40
the following seven signs and symptoms indicate a high-priority patient
Unresponsiveness Inadequate breathing Fever Abnormal heart rate (slow, fast, weak, or irregular) Vomiting with an altered mental status Chest pain Seizures
41
CNS stimulants s/s
SYMPATHOMIMETICS substance that excites the nervous system Excitability, elevated mood, agitation, apprehension, uncooperativeness, tachycardia, tachypnea, dilated pupils, dry mouth, sweating, increased blood pressure, loss of appetite, lack of sleep
42
CNS Depressants s/s
substance that depresses the nervous system Euphoria, drowsiness, sleepiness, decreased breathing rates and volumes, bradycardia, hypotension, dilated pupils that are sluggish to respond to light.
42
narcotics
CNS depressants that are derived from opium (opiates) or synthetic opium (opioids).
43
narcotics s/s
Bradycardia, hypotension, inadequate breathing rates and volume, cool, clammy skin, lethargy, constricted pupils, nausea. Respiratory depression or arrest can occur in these patients
44
hallucinogens s/s
sometimes called psychedelic drugs, cause hallucinations Motor disturbances, paranoia, anxiety, visual or auditory hallucinations, tachycardia, dilated pupils, flushed face, poor perception of time and distance.
45
volatile inhalants s/s
substances that are inhaled Excitement, euphoria, drunkenness, aggressiveness, depression, headache, drowsiness, nausea, swollen mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, glazed eyes, slurred speech, hallucinations, incoordination, erratic pulse and blood pressure, seizures
46
stage 1 alcohol withdrawl
occurs within approximately 8 hours and is characterized by nausea, insomnia, sweating, and tremors
47
stage 2 alcohol withdrawl
occurs within 8 to 72 hours and is characterized by a worsening of stage 1 symptoms plus hallucinations
48
stage 3 alcohol withdrawl
occur as early as 48 hours following the last alcoholic beverage and is characterized by major seizures
49
stage 4 alcohol withdrawl
characterized by delirium tremens which can occur 1 to 14 days after the last drink.
50
delirium tremens
a severe, life-threatening condition with a mortality rate of approximately 5 to 15 percent.
51
delirium tremens s/s
Severe confusion Loss of memory Tremors Restlessness and irritability Extremely high fever Dilated pupils Profuse sweating Insomnia Elevated blood pressure Tachycardia Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Hallucinations
52
opiod
natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic agent that mimics the effects of morphine
53
opiod s/s
CNS depression Respiratory depression (decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume) Miosis (constricted pupils)
54
cholingeric
OVERSTIMULATE THE PARASYMPATHETIC NS NERVE GASES; ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING
55
muscarinic symptoms
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation Gi Cramping Emesis
56
Nicotinic symptoms
Muscle cramps Tachycardia Weakness Twitching Fasciculations
57
number for poison control
800.222.1222
58

EMT (17 decks)

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