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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Brain and Spinal cord (contains brainstem)

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2
Q

PNS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many neurons does the brain contain?

A

86 billion

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system movement

A

Body under voluntary control (moving arms and legs)

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system movement

A

Bodies automatic control (heart, glands, digestion)

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8
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight (or flight)

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9
Q

Parasympathetic

A

fright (rest and digest)

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10
Q

Neurons

A

the building blocks of the nervous system

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11
Q

Dendrite

A

Take in information from other neurons

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12
Q

Cell body

A

Central part of neuron

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13
Q

Axon

A

The main connection from neuron to neuron (carries electrical impulses)

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14
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulation surrounding the axons that promotes the impulse and makes the signal travel faster/efficiently

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15
Q

What cells are responsible for creating the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

What cells are responsible for creating the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Schwann Cells

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17
Q

What is the node of ranvier?

A

A periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. (the signal can travel and jump from one node to another)

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18
Q

Types of synapses

A

Axo-dendrite, Axo-somatic, Axo-axonic, Dendro-dendritic

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19
Q

Axo-dendrite

A

Axon to dendrite (Most common)

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20
Q

Axo-somatic

A

Axon to cell body (less common)

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21
Q

Axo-axonic

A

Axon to axon (rare and presynaptic inhibition)

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22
Q

Dendro-dendritic

A

Dendrite to dendrite (rare, local inhibitory feedback circuits)

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23
Q

What are the synapses used for inhibiting

A

Axo-axonic & Dendro-dendritic

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24
Q

Damage to neurons in the CNS

A

Functional regeneration of the axon is not possible if the cell body lives (brain surgery)

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25
Damage to neurons in the PNS
Functional regeneration of the axon is possible if the cell body survives (hip surgery)
26
Brain meninges
The membranes covering the brain
27
What are the 3 layers of meninges
Dura mater (tough membrane), arachnoid mater (spidery mother), pia mater (faithful mother)
28
Spinal meninges
The membranes coving the spine
29
Occipital lobe
Vision
30
Parietal lobe
Sensation- Touch, taste, temperature
31
Frontal lobe
Executive function/motor development- last to develop (Plan and organization)
32
Temporal lobe
Hearing, memory, language (houses the primary auditory cortex)
33
Cerebellum
Balance, coordination
34
Brainstem
Basic functions- Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
35
Coronal/Frontal
Cut into superior and inferior
36
Saggital
Cut into right and left
37
Horizontal/Transverse
Cut into anterior and posterior
38
How much oxygen does the brain receive?
25% used by the body
39
How many pounds is the brain?
3 (but depends)
40
Divisions of the brain
Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon, cortex
41
Prosencephalon
Forebrain (contains the cerebral hemispheres)
42
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
43
Rhombencephalon
Hindbrain (Pons, cerebellum, medula)
44
What makes up the brainstem
Midbrain and hindbrain (pons and medula)
45
What is the cortex?
The surface of the brain (outermost layer)
46
Gray matter
(exterior) Cell bodies of neurons
47
White matter
(interior) Axons/myelin sheath
48
How many cerebral hemispheres are there?
R and L
49
What are the hemispheres separated by?
Longitudinal fissure
50
Gyri
Bumps on the cortex
51
Sulci
Grooves in the cortex
52
Arcuate fasciculus
53
Brocas
Speech production
54
Wenickes
Understanding
55
Primary motor cortex
56
Primary somatosensory cortex
57
Primary auditory cortex
58
What happens if there is brain damage to Brocas area?
struggle with producing speech
59
What does lateralization of brain functioning mean?
It means that the right brain controls the left body and vice versa
60
Precentral Gyrus
Part of brains frontal lobe that is a representation that depends upon the complexity of movement = tells us which part of the brain is responsible for a certain movement
61
What does the lower 1/3 of the precentral gyrus represent?
Lower parts of face and throat
62
What does the part on the longitudinal fissure represent?
Legs
63
Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Ganglia
64
Thalamus
Sensory & motor integration (directs signals to proper place in cortex)
65
Hypothalamus
Body temp & Emotion & Hunger & Thirst (regulator and hormones)
66
Basal Ganglia
Motor movement
67
Mesencephalon
Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla
68
Midbrain
Vision, audition, eye movement, body movement
69
Pons
Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure
70
Cerebellum
Movement, balance, posture
71
Medulla
Breathing, HR, reflexes
72
Brainstem consists of...
Midbrain, pons, medulla
73
What originates in the BS?
cranial nerves
74
How many hemispheres are in the BS?
2 (coordinate and integrate movement)
75
Ataxia
A neurological sign that indicates a loss of muscle coordination, which can cause clumsy movements and affect balance, speech, and eye movements
76
What is the ventricular system?
A network of fluid-filled cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
77
What does the choroid plexus do?
Creates & Produces the CSF - cerebral spinal fluid. (clear fluid that has nutrients, clears waste, cushions/protects)
78
How many ventricles are there?
4
79
What is the purpose of the ventricular system?
protection for brain and spinal cord, nutrition, waste removal, pressure regulation
80
How does blood supply get to the brain?
Through the anterior and posterior arteries
81
Anterior Artery
Internal Carotid artery
82
Posterior
Basilar Artery
83
What is the circle of willis?
a ring-shaped network of arteries located at the base of the brain that connects the major blood vessels supplying the brain, essentially acting as a "fail-safe" system by allowing blood flow to reach different parts of the brain even if one of the main arteries becomes blocked
84
Arteries vs Veins
Arteries are taking blood away from heart while veins are taking blood to the hear
85
Nerve I
Olfactory
86
Nerve II
Optic
87
Nerve III
Oculomotor
88
Nerve IV
Trochlear
89
Nerve V
Trigeminal
90
Nerve VI
Abducens
91
Nerve VII
Facial
92
Nerve VIII
Auditory/Vestibulocochlear
93
Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal
94
Nere X
Vagus
95
Nerve XI
Accessory
96
Nerve XII
Hypoglossal
97

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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