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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What allows for the percise movement of articulation?

A

The process of joining 2 elements

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2
Q

What does the vocal tract consist of?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, nasal cavity

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3
Q

Source-Filter Theory

A

Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source (the source produced by vibrating out VF) through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes output

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4
Q

True or False: All articulators are mobile

A

False

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5
Q

What is the largest mobile articulator?

A

Tongue

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6
Q

What all all the mobile articulators?

A

Lips, tongue, velum

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7
Q

Immobile Parts

A

Bones of skull (maxilla- alveolar ridge, hard palate), Dentition (teeth), nasal bones, zygomatic bone (cheek)

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8
Q

Mobile Parts

A

Muscles (tongue, soft palate, muscles of face- lips cheeks), mandible (jaw), larynx/VF/Hyoid, pharynx and fauces (tonsil pillars)

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9
Q

Sounding Cavities

A

Mouth (oral cavity), Throat (pharyngeal cavity), Nose (nasal cavity)

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10
Q

Bones of the Face/Cranial Skeleton

A

Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Occipital bone, Temporal bone, Zygomatic bone, Mandible, Maxilla, Nasal bone, Sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Maxilla

A

Roof of the mouth, hard and solid separation of the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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12
Q

Anatomical issues with the maxilla that impact speech production…

A

Cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft ulva, cleft lip and palate

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13
Q

What is the shape of the hard palate supposed to be?

A

Slightly rounded and smooth

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14
Q

High and narrow palatal arch

A

Is created when a kid sucks or uses pacifier for an extended amount of time- impacted teeth/crowded teeth/cross bite, tongue tissue involved, hypernasal speech, distorted palatal sounds

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15
Q

Super wide hard palate

A

Distorted palatal sounds, obstructed sleep apnea, snoring

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16
Q

Labial sounds

A

p,b,f,v,m

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17
Q

Dental sounds

A

t,d,th,n

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18
Q

Palatal sounds

A

r,j

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19
Q

Velar sounds

A

k,g,ng

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20
Q

Mandible

A

Floor of the mouth, this is where the tongue lives

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21
Q

Anatomical issues with the mandible that impact speech production..

A

Congenital mandibular hypoplasia (born with decreases formation of the jaw), micrognathia (small jaw), malocculoin of the jaw

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22
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheek bones, forms the lateral portion of the nasal cavity

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23
Q

Why are teeth important?

A

Checking and Articulating

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24
Q

What the the teeth shapes/jobs

A

Sharp/thin - ripping, wide/flat- grinding

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25
With teeth change over time what would be the impact of teeth on speech sound production...
missing teeth, misaligned teeth, mix of baby and adult teeth
26
Malocclusions (bite problems)
Overbite, underbite, tongue thrust
27
Resonance
A place for a vibration to live and be shaped within the cavities of the articulatory system
28
Where does the sound of the human voice resonate?
In the air spaces of the head and neck which are dictated by anatomical architecture
29
Source of vibration
Voice box- larynx produces voice by vibration of the BF powered by exhalation
30
Filter for vibration
Shaping through the vocal tract made by the tonge, mandible, soft palate, articulators
31
What are the anatomical air spaces of the articulation system?
Oral cavity, buccal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, oropharynx cavity, laryngophraynx cavity, nasopharynx cavity, nasal cavities
32
What does resonance require?
a vibrating structure and a container/resonating chamber for the sound to live in and be shaped
33
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Purses lips and creates labial seal
34
What is the main nerve of the face?
VII
35
Risorius muscle
Retracts lips at corners
36
Buccinator muscle
Moves food to molar surfaces
37
Levator Labii Superioris
Elevates upper lip
38
Levator Anguli Oris
Pulls corner of mouth up medially
39
Zygomatic Major
Elevates and retracts angle of the mouth
40
Zygomatic Minor
Elevates the upper lips
41
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Pulls the lips down and out
42
Depressor Anguli Oris
Depresses corners of mouth and compresses the upper lip against the lower lip
43
Mentalis
Elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out
44
Platysma
Depresses the mandible
45
What is the importance of the tongue?
Articulation, mastication (movement of food in the oral cavity), deglutition (propelling food back for swallowing)
46
The purpose of the frenulum
to anchor or stabilize the structures of the mouth
47
What is the ankyloglossia/tongue tie
When the lingual frenulum is too short and restricts the movement of the tongue
48
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Moves the tongue into the general places you want it to go (gross motor movement)
49
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Provides fine, graded control of movement for articulation
50
Platoglossus
Palate and tongue- elevates the tongue/depresses the soft palate
51
Styloglossus
Off temporal bone- draws the tongue back and up
52
Hyoglossus
Hyoid bone and tongue- pulls sides of tongue down
53
Genioglossus
Chin and tonuge- retracts and protrudes the tongue/depresses it
54
True or False- Intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for gross motor
False
55
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse muscles of tongue, and vertical muscles of the tongue
56
Superior longitudinal
Elevates and assists in retraction/deviates the tip of tongue
57
Inferior longitudinal
Pulls tongue tip downwards/assists in retraction/deviates the tongue
58
Transverse muscles tongue
Mechanism for narrowing the tongue
59
Vertical muscles of tongue
Pulls the tongue down into the floor of the mouth
60
Tongue Thrust
Lack of development of a mature swallowing pattern which results in sustained use of forward motion of tongue during swallowing
61
What are side effects of tongue thrust?
Lack of development of posterior movement, forward tongue carriage, disorganized bolus preparation, weak oral musculature, deviation of the incisors towards the lips, misarticulating
62
What is the importance of the velum?
Articulation (m,g,ng) and swallowing (keeps liquid out of nose)
63
When you are breathing in/out of nose is the velum open or closed?
Open
64
When you are open mouth breathing is the velum open or closed?
Closed
65
When you are breathing through and open mouth and in/out of nose is the velum open or closed?
Open
66
What tissues make up the velum?
Muscle, aponeurosis, nerves, blood supply, mucous membrane lining
67
What are the muscles of the velum?
Levator palatinine, musculus uvaulae, tensor veli palatinini, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus
68
Levator Palatini
Elevates and retracts the posterior velum
69
Musculus Uvulae
Shortens the soft palate (pulls it up and retracts)
70
Tensor Veli Palatini
Dilates the eustachian tube (tightens)
71
Palatopharyngeus
Narrows the pharynx and lowers the soft palate
72
Palatoglossus
Elevates the tongue or depresses the soft palate
73
What is bifid uvula?
2 uvula (split)
74
Is bifid uvula potentially normal?
Yes
75
What should you think when someone has Bifid Uvula?
It could be normal or a sign of submucosal cleft of the palate, you should refer them to an ENT, and consider the size of their tonsils and adenoids
76
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
Superior constrictor, stlyopharyngeus, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor
77
What is the purpose of the muscles of the pharynx?
To contract and push the bolus of food down the esophagus

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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