Chapter 11 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Drive reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger.
Set point
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this way, and increasing hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Basal metabolic rate
Bodies resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and become significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to start.
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of help high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Binge eating disorder
Significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, discussed, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
Sexual response cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, Plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory Period
Interesting. After orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Sexual disorder
A problem that consistently impairs a sexual arousal or functioning.
Estrogens
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by female than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peaked during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in meal stimulates the growth of the male sex organ in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Sexual orientation
An enduring sexual attraction towards members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) where the other sex (heterosexual orientation).
Flow
A completely involved, focus state of consciousness. With diminished awareness of self in time, resulting from optimal mix of one’s skills
Industrial organizational psychology (I/O)
The application of psychological concepts and methods to often optimizing human behavior in work places.
Personal psychology
A substitute field of ice/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
Organizational psychology
A subfield and I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitate organizational change.
Structured interviews
Interview process to ask the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of him is rated on established skills.
Achievement motivation
A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.
