Chapter 4

Question 1

Behavior Genetics

Answer 1

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Every non genetic influence, form prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes.

Question 5

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 5

A complex Molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 6

Genes

Answer 6

The biochemical units of herdity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.

Question 7

Identical Twins

Answer 7

Twins who develop from a single egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

Question 8

Fraternal Twins

Answer 8

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.

Question 9

Temperament

Answer 9

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Question 10

Heritability

Answer 10

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Question 11

Interaction

Answer 11

They interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

Question 12

molecular Genetics

Answer 12

The subfields of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

Question 13

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 13

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 14

Natural Selection

Answer 14

The principle that, among the range of inherited traits variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed onto succeeding generations.

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

Question 16

Gender

Answer 16

In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 18

Norm

Answer 18

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior

Question 19

Personal Space

Answer 19

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.

Question 20

Individualism

Answer 20

Giving to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 21

Collectivism

Answer 21

Giving priority to goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family of work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 22

Aggression

Answer 22

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Question 23

X Chromosome

Answer 23

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Question 24

Y Chromosome

Answer 24

The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

Question 25

Testosterone

Answer 25

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 26

Role

Answer 26

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Question 27

Gender Role

Answer 27

A set of expected behaviors for males or for females

Question 28

Gender Identity

Answer 28

Our sense of being male or female

Question 29

Gender Typing

Answer 29

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Question 30

Social Learning Theory

Answer 30

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.