Prologue

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

The principle that, among the range of inherited traits variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

A school psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

The view that psychology 1. should be an objective science that 2. studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with 1. but not with 2.

Question 4

Humanistic psychology

Answer 4

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people individual’s potential for personal growth.

Question 5

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 5

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (inducing perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 6

Psychology

Answer 6

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Question 7

Nature – nurture issue

Answer 7

The long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 8

SQ3R

Answer 8

A study method incorporating five-step survey, question, read, rehearse, review.

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

Question 10

Psychiatry

Answer 10

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practice by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example drug) treatment as well as psychological therapy

Question 11

Clinical psychology

Answer 11

If branch of psychology that studies, processes, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 12

Counseling psychology

Answer 12

It branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving a greater well-being

Question 13

Applied research

Answer 13

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 14

Basic research

Answer 14

Sure science aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 15

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 15

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social – cultural levels of analysis

Question 16

Levels of analysis

Answer 16

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social – call troll levels of analysis