Chapter 11: Brain Function and Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
What is non-fluent aphasia?
limited ability to produce speech; effortful and with few words
What is fluent aphasia?
able to produce connected speech
2 types of non fluent apahasia categories.
Good understanding of Language (spoken and written)
Poor understanding of language (spoken and written)
What are the 2 categories for fluent aphasia?
- good understanding of language (spoken and written)
- poor understanding of language (spoken and written)
What are the types of non-fluent aphasias that are classified as an individual having a good understanding of language.
- broca aphasia
- transcortical motor aphasia
Broca aphasia
cannot repeat words or sentences
Transcortical motor aphasia.
can repeat words or sentences
What are the features of mixed non-fluent aphasia?
some ability to produce speech
What are the features of global aphasia?
most severe; little to no comprehension or expression
What are types of fluent aphasia that are included in the good understanding of language (written and spoken category)
- conduction aphasia
- anomic aphasia
What is conduction aphasia?
numerous phonemic paraphasias such as “ poon, “soon” or “pone” for “spoon”
Anomic aphasia.
(primary limitation is difficulty retrieving desired words when communicating; “it’s on the tip of my tongue”
What are the categories of fluent aphasia included under poor understanding of language (spoken and written)?
- Wernicke aphasia
- Transcortical sensory aphasia
Features of Wernicke aphasia?
cannot repeat words or sentences
Features of transcortical sensory aphasia.
can repeat words or sentences; speech produced resembles a “word salad” many words and ideas, but doesn’t generally make sense
Enkephalins typically act on what type of receptors?
opiate receptors
Substance P
major transmitter of sensory neurons that convey pain sensation from the periphery especially the skin, into the spinal cord
T/F. There is a new class of antidepressant medications being tested to work on substance P.
true
Compare and contrast the general definition of delirium to the general definition of what a neurocognitive disorder is.
Delirium is an acute onset of impaired cognitive functioning that is fluctuating, brief, and reversible.
Neurocognitive disorder: a loss of cognitive abilities, impairment of social functioning, loss of memory, and/or change in personality that may be progressive or static
Compare and contrast mild neurocognitive disorder with major neurocognitive disorder.
Mild: neurocognitive disorder that is a moderate cognitive decline that has minimal interaction with functioning
Major neurocognitive disorder: significant cognitive decline that interferes with functioning and independence
What are some neuroanatomic findings seen in those with Alzeihmer Disease?
cortical atrophy, flattened sulci, enlarged ventricles
Histopathology of Alzheimer Disease?
senile plaques (amyloid deposits), neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, synaptic loss ,granulovacuolar degeneration of neurons
What chromosome is Alzeimers associated with. What gene is associated to this condition?
chromosome 21 (gene for amyloid precursor protein)
Compare and contrast gender predisposition in patients with Alzheimers vs vascular conditions.
Alzeihmer’s: women> men
Vascular: men > women
