Chapter 9: Psychiatric (DSM-5) Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common known cause of intellectual disability?
fetal alcohol syndrome
What are the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability?
Downs and Fragile X syndrome
Mild intellectual disability typical level of functioning? Also when is it typically diagnosed?
self-supporting with some guidance; usually diagnosed first year in school
Moderate intellectual disability level of functioning?
benefits from vocational training but needs supervision; sheltered workshops
Severe level of intellectual disability has what characteristic features in functioning?
vocational training not helpful, can learn to communicate and manage basic self-care habits
A profound level of intellectual disability can lead to what level of functioning for the individual?
needs highly structured environment with constant nursing care and supervision
What is the hallmark of autism spectrum disorder?
inability to connect with others
Some differential diagnosis to think of when considering autism spectrum disorder diagnosis?
- Rett syndrome
- social communication disorder
What are some features of Rett syndrome and social communication disorder that make them different from an individual with Autism Spectrum disorder?
Rett Syndrome
- girls > boys
- microcephaly
Social communication disorder
- communication disorder
- absence of RRBs
What is the major treatment for autism spectrum disorder?
behavioral techniques (shaping) and antipsychotics (for aggression only) e.g risperidone
Major characteristic of Tourette Syndrome?
- characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics that occur many times per day or intermittently for more than 1 year
What gender is seen to have tourettes more?
men
What is the mean age by which most people have tics in Tourrettes Syndrome?
age 7 ( onset must be < 8)
What conditions is Tourrette’s associated with?
ADHD and OCD
Main treatments for Tourette’s?
haloperidol, pimozide, or clonidine
What are the major characteristics of ADHD?
marked by inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity that lead to problems functioning at home, school, or work
The main gender to have ADHD
men > women 3:1
What are the requirements needed to be given the diagnosis of having ADHD?
Impairment must occur in at least 2 settings:
- Symptoms > 6 months
- Symptoms age < 12
- associated with a dopaminergic and noradrenergic imbalance
Treatment for ADHD?
- methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, atomoxetine, or guanfacine
Compare the age of diagnosis for CD vs ODD?
Conduct disorder vs oppositional defiant disorder
CD = Until age 18
ODD = preteens - teens
Compare the gender predisposition of CD to ODD.
CD = Boys > girls
ODD = Boys > girls (pre-puberty)
Compare the symptoms of CD to ODD
CD
- 6 months of aggressive behavior
- violation of rules of society
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness or theft
ODD
- 6 months of negative, hostile, and defiant behaviors toward authority
Compare CD vs ODD etiology.
CD = genetic
ODD = N/A
Symptoms of brief psychotic disorder.
- hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior or thinking
