Chapter 11: Health, Wellness, and Performance assessments

Question 1

A state or a risk of death or dying

Answer 1

Mortality

Question 2

The state of having a disease

Answer 2

Morbidity

Question 3

An exercise training method defined by intervals or near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods

Answer 3

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Question 4

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability

Answer 4

Deconditioned

Question 5

A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature

Answer 5

Health Risk Assessment (HRA)

Question 6

A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual

Answer 6

Contraindiction

Question 7

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess and individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise

Answer 7

Physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

Question 8

A screening where the results of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed

Answer 8

False-positive screenings

Question 9

A questionnaire with lists that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle

Answer 9

Health history questionnaire (HHQ)

Question 10

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest

Answer 10

Resting heart rate (RHR)

Question 11

The physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body

Answer 11

Thermoregulation

Question 12

The action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body

Answer 12

Peripheral vasodilation

Question 13

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute)

Answer 13

Heart rate (HR)

Question 14

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic

Answer 14

Blood pressure (BP)

Question 15

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded

Answer 15

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Question 16

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded

Answer 16

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Question 17

The system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart

Answer 17

Arterial system

Question 18

The primary artery of the upper arm, which is often used as a site for measuring blood pressure

Answer 18

Brachial artery

Question 19

The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion

Answer 19

Anthropometry

Question 20

The measurement of a person’s weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity

Answer 20

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 21

The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity

Answer 21

Circumference measurement

Question 22

A measurement that represents the narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of the umbilicus (belly button)

Answer 22

Waist circumference

Question 23

The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease

Answer 23

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Question 24

The area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh

Answer 24

Gluteal fold

Question 25

A technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body

Answer 25

Skinfold measurements

Question 26

Measures the thickness of the skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage

Answer 26

Jackson and Pollock 7-site protocol

Question 27

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage

Answer 27

Jackson and Pollock 3-site protocol

Question 28

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage

Answer 28

Four-site Durnin- Womersley protocol

Question 29

A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body

Answer 29

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Question 30

The assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in that fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface

Answer 30

Archimedes' Principle

Question 31

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity

Answer 31

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 32

Protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual

Answer 32

Cardiorespiratory assessments

Question 33

The part of the cell that uses nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

An aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence

Answer 34

YMCA 3-minute step test

Question 35

The number of heartbeats measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual's fitness level (i.e. more conditioned people recover more rapidly)

Answer 35

Recovery heart rate (RHR)

Question 36

An aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1 mile

Answer 36

Rockport walk test

Question 37

An aerobic test that measures cardiorespiratory endurance by having the participant cover the distance of 1.5 miles in as short as time as possible

Answer 37

1.5-mile run test

Question 38

An aerobic test that measures the participant's ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels

Answer 38

Talk Test

Question 39

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources

Answer 39

Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)

Question 40

Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (i.e. the heart rate response matches the level of work being performed)

Answer 40

Steady-state (SS) heart rate

Question 41

The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity

Answer 41

Ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)

Question 42

Energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to break down pyruvate and create adenosine triphosphate

Answer 42

Anaerobic energy systems