Chapter 11 Slides

Question 1

Systematic Reviews

Answer 1

The summation and assessment of multiple research studies found in the literature based on a clearly focused question or topic

• Meta-Analysis (Quantitative studies)
• Integrative Review (Quantitative and Qualitative)
• Meta-Summary (Qualitative studies)
• Meta-Synthesis (Qualitative studies)

Question 2

Systematic Review Process

Answer 2

Uses explicit methods to :

1.) Identify & Select articles using rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria
Critically appraise, & Analyze relevant data

2.) Assesses the strength and quality of the evidence provided by the chosen studies in relation to
Sampling issues
Internal validity
External validity
Data analysis

Question 3

Meta Analysis

Answer 3

Systematic review using statistical techniques to assess and combine studies of the same design to obtain a precise estimate of the cause-and-effect relationship

Statistically analyzes and integrates the results of many studies

Provides Level I evidence, the highest level of evidence

Question 4

Effect Size

Answer 4

Effect sizes are calculated using the difference in the averages scores between the intervention and control groups from each study.

Thus, the effect size is an estimate of how large of a difference there is between intervention and control groups in the summarized studies.

Question 5

Integrative Review

Answer 5

Critical review of an area of research without a statistical analysis or a theory synthesis

Broadest category of review

Can include theoretical literature, research literature, or both

Can include both quantitative & qualitative research studies

Question 6

PRISMA

Answer 6

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses)

Authors must include information of how they identified, screened, determined eligibility and inclusion for the articles used in their review

Question 7

Cochrane Library

Answer 7

Largest repository of meta-analyses.

Cochrane Library is an international organization that prepares and maintains a body of systematic reviews that focus on health care interventions.

Question 8

Clinical Practice Guidelines

Answer 8

Systematically developed statements or recommendations that link research and practice and serve as a guide for practitioners.

Developed by professional organizations, government agencies, institutions, or convened expert panels.

Provide clinicians with an algorithm for clinical management, or decision making for specific diseases.

Question 9

Types of Clinical Practice Guidelines

Answer 9

Evidence-based practice guidelines are developed using a scientific process of grading the evidence.
Risk / Benefit
Quality of supporting evidence

Expert-based guidelines: agreement of a group of nationally known experts in the field
use opinions of experts along with whatever research evidence is developed to date.