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Medical Terminology > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys

A

to maintain some characteristics of the blood like pH, minerals, water, and sugar

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2
Q

what is the basic unit of the kidneys

A

nephron

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3
Q

how do nephrons work

A
  • glomerulus (blood vessels) that interact with the bowman’s capsule to start filtration
  • tube collects filtered fluid then enter ducts
  • ducts change the concentration of the blood
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4
Q

how does the urinary system work

A

urine moves from nephrons to renal pelvis, drains through the ureter and into the bladder, bladder stretches causing peeing sensation, bladder contracts when peeing, urine travels from bladder to the outside through the urethra

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5
Q

what are kidney stones made of

A

calcium, oxalate, and uric acid

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6
Q

what are the components of the male reproductive system

A

testicles, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and penis

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7
Q

what do the seminiferous tubules do

A

make sperm

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8
Q

what is another name for the vas deferens and what do they do

A

ductus deferens; allow sperm travel

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9
Q

what does the epididymis do

A

store sperm

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10
Q

where is the prostate gland

A

close to the male urethra

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11
Q

what is the use of a circumscion

A

prevents infections in males

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12
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidneys; filter the blood

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13
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus “little ball”

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14
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron

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15
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis; funnel urine from the kidneys to the ureters

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16
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

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17
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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18
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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19
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing stones

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20
Q

tripsy

A

crushing

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21
Q

lithotripter

A

crushing stones through the use of sound waves

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22
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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23
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter; carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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24
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra; connects bladder to the outside world

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25
UTI
urinary tract infection; urethra and bladder infection
26
meat/o
opening "to go through"; usually refers to an opening of the urethra
27
balan/o
glans of the penis "acorn"
28
epididym/o
epididymis
29
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o
testicle
30
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
31
prostate/o
prostate gland "the one that stands before or in front of"
32
prostomegaly
enlarged prostate; can cause peeing sensation but make it difficult to pee; usually with old age
33
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/l
sperm "seed"
34
spermicide
lotion that kills sperm (usually in a condom)
35
spermatocele
cyst near the epididymis
36
anuria
lack of urination
37
dysuria, urodynia
painful urination
38
enuresis
involuntary urination
39
incontinence
inability to control urination
40
nocturnal enuresis
nighttime involuntary urination
41
nocturia
needing to pee at nighttime, usually in large volumes
42
polyuria
excessive urine output; ties into polydipsia
43
oliguria
scanty urine output; very little output
44
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
45
priapism
prolonged erection (from viagra)
46
orchidoptosis
downward placement of the testicle
47
urinalysis
using test strips to see pH, glucose, blood, and pus
48
what do blood tests look for
waste in the blood, pH, and electrolytes
49
what is urodynamic testing and what is another name for it
use of radiography to watch the patient urinate in order to detect abnormalities of the process; aka VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)
50
voiding
urination
51
BUN test
blood urea nitrogen test; test for nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; inidcates that the body is breaking down amino acids for energy
52
albuminuria
protein in the urine
53
albumin
protein
54
azotorrhea
excessive discharge of nitrogen in urine
55
azot
nitrogen
56
azoturia
nitrogen in the urine (normal)
57
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
58
dispogenic
creating thirst
59
ureterocele
hernia due to ureter stone
60
RP
retrograde pyelogram; contrast dye into bladder; shows flow through renal pelvis
61
renal artierogram
xray of kidney artery
62
resectoscope
device to examine and cut, typically used for the prostate gland
63
diuresis
excessive urination
64
uropoiesis
formation of urine
65
uroxanthin
substance that gives urine yellow color
66
PKD
polycystic kidney disease; fluid filled cysts in the kidney
67
lithonephritis
inflammation caused by kidney stones
68
hydronephrosis
kidney condition due to obstruction of urine flow
69
renal failure
kidneys don't function to remove toxins from the blood
70
gonorrhea
discharge from the gonads (STD)
71
cryptorchidism
condition of a hidden testicle
72
crypt
hidden
73
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass in a testicle
74
seminoma
testicular cancer due to sperm-forming tissue
75
aspermia
lack of sperm
76
azoospermia
lack of living sperm
77
oligospermia
low sperm production
78
hypospadias
condition when the meatus is on the underside instead of at the end of the penis
79
phimosis
contraction of the foreskin
80
DRE
digital rectal exam; examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
81
transrectal ultrasonography
ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to examine prostate
82
SUI
stress urinary incontinence; loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure
83
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux; abnormal flow of urine from bladder back into the ureter
84
BPH
benign prostate hyperplasia; noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate
85
diuretic
promotes urine formation
86
antidiuretic
stops the formation of urine
87
Viagra
corrects ED (erectile dysfunction)
88
testosterone
Rx given to men with low levels of testosterone
89
dialysis
system to filter blood when the kidney won't
90
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; device outside the body using ultrasound waves to breakdown stones
91
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate; removing all or part of the prostate by a resectoscope into the urethra
92
vasovasostomy
reversal of a vasectomy
93
UA
urine analysis
94
IVP
intravenous pyelogram; going through the venous system to generate a picture
95
IVU
intravenous urogram
96
KUB
kidney, ureters, and bladder
97
Cath
catheter
98
HD
hemodialysis
99
OAB
overactive bladder
100
PSA
prostate-specific antigen

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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