Chapter 12 Flashcards
(51 cards)
what is the definition of hereditary
the passing on of a characteristic genetically from one generation to another
what is the definition of inherit
derive genetically from one’s parent to another
what are the 2 hypothesis that were derived from breeding plants
blending inheritance: hereditary determinants (genes) blend in the zygote, like mixing inks together
particular inheritance: hereditary determinants (genes) are distinct
Who studied these hypothesis using the scientific method?
Gregor Mendel
what did Mendel study
He bred pea plants, controlled the pollination and fertilization by removing the male organs and manually pollinating the flowers
what is true breeding
a genetic cross in which the same result occurs every time with respect of the traits under consideration, due to homozygous parents
which hypothesis did Mendel’s study supported
particular hypothesis
what is a character in genetics
an observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals (seed shape)
what is a trait in genetics
a specific variant of a character (round or wrinkled seed), any heritable characteristics of an organism
what is a gene
a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific DNA nucleotide sequence, generally encodes information for building a polypeptide
what is an allele
a version of a gene (different allele=different trait), new alleles arise from mutations
what is a locus
a gene’s physical location on a chromosome
what is a monohybrid cross
a mating in which the parents differ with respect to alleles of only one locus of interest
what is P generation
parental generation
what is F1
first filial generation, immediate progeny of a parental meeting
what is F2
second filial generation, immediate progeny of a mating between F1 members
what is homozygous
in diploid cells, they have identical alleles of a given gene on both homologous chromosomes BB
what is heterozygous
in diploid cells, they have different alleles of a given gene on both homologs Bb
what is genotype
an exact description of then genetic makeup of an individual
what is a phenotype
the observable properties of an individual resulting from both genetic and environmental factors
between genotype and phenotype, what is a result of what
phenotype is the result of genotype
what is dominant in alleles
an allele that will mask the phenotypic effect of the other (recessive) allele for the trait
what is recessive in alleles
the allele that phenotypic is being masked by the dominant allele
what is diploid
state of having 2 copies of the same gene
